Cov cuab yeej noj haus yog hu ua hluavtaws los yog cov khoom tsim muaj, uas yog txhob txwm nkag rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus ua kom tiav qee lub hom phiaj kev ua haujlwm. Thiab cov tshuaj no yog hu ua cov zaub mov ncaj qha. Ntais, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus feem ntau cov zaub mov - confectionery, distillery, ntses thiab nqaij ua, npias, tsis-alcoholic, bakery thiab lwm tus - tag nrho siv 175,000 txawv zaub mov txawv.
Kev faib tawm zauv
Nyob rau hauv cov tebchaws ntawm European Union, ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb suav tau raug siv los faib cov khoom ntxiv rau xyoo 1953. Nyob rau hauv nws, txhua additive nws muaj nws tus cim tshwj xeeb, pib nrog tsab ntawv "E". Txoj kev ua lej no tau xaus rau qhov kawg thiab tom qab txais yuav los hauv Codex Alimentarius.
Hauv qhov system no, txhua qhov ntxiv los ntawm daim ntawv "E" nrog tus xov tooj tom ntej (piv txwv, E122). Cov zauv muab faib raws li hauv qab no:
- 100-199 - dyes;
- 200-299 - preservatives;
- 300-399 - antioxidants;
- 400-499 - thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers;
- 500-599 - cov neeg ua hauj lwm tiv thaiv thiab pH regulators;
- 600-699 - flavours thiab flavour enhancers;
- 700-799 - tshuaj tua kab mob;
- 800-899 - cia;
- 900-999 - lwm yam;
- 1000-1999 - ntau yam tshuaj ntxiv, nrog rau kev sib foob.
Txawj ntshai ntawm qee cov khoom noj khoom haus
Cov khoom ntxiv no feem ntau yuav tsum tau txhim kho kom ruaj ntseg thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov zaub mov, rau ntau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim, cia thiab ntim, kom ncua lub neej txuag ntawm qhov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, nws paub tias, thaum muaj qee qhov kev xav, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, uas tsis muaj cov neeg lag luam tsis kam.
Hauv xov xwm, koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv tshaj tawm tias ib qho kev ua rau qee qhov ua rau ua xua, mob cancer, mob plab, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tus cwj pwm ntawm txhua yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig nyob ntawm ob qho tib si lub txiaj ntsim ntawm cov khoom thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg. Rau tag nrho cov khoom siv, cov nqi txhua txhua hnub tau txhais, qhov ntau dhau uas ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo. Rau ntau cov tshuaj, qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm thaj tsam li ob peb milligrams mus rau ib feem ntawm ib tug gram ib kilogram ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Nws tseem yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qee qhov ntawm cov tshuaj no muaj cov nyhuv loj, uas yog, lawv tuaj yeem txuam rau hauv lub cev. Tswj lub fact tias cov zaub mov muaj cov tshuaj, ntawm chav kawm, entrusted rau cov producers.
Sodium nitrite (E250) feem ntau yog siv hauv sausages, txawm tias cov tshuaj no yog ib qho tshuaj lom cov tshuaj toxicity (ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov nas tuag thaum noj ib tshaj 180 mg ib kilogram ntawm qhov hnyav), tiam sis tsis muaj kev txwv rau nws daim ntawv thov tam sim no, vim hais tias nws yog qhov "tsawg tshaj plaws kev phem", muab kev pom zoo ntawm qhov khoom, thiab qhov ua rau nce qhov muag khoom (kom paub tseeb tias qhov no nws yog txaus los sib piv cov xim ntawm cov khw phij cuam nrog cov xim ntawm lub tsev). Nyob hauv qib siab ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm cov hnyuv yog cov tshuaj nitrite muaj ntau dua hauv cov hnyuv ntxwm, vim nws tau txais kev noj qab haus huv ntau dua.
Cov khoom ntxiv uas yog ntxiv yuav pom tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb, xws li sucrose, lactic acid thiab lwm tus. Txawm li cas los, txoj kev ntawm lawv cov synthesis txawv ntawm lub teb chaws mus rau lub teb chaws, yog li ntawd, raws li, lawv txaus ntshai rau organism kuj txawv. Raws li cov tswv yim ntawm kev tsim tawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab txog kev ua kom muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, cov txheej txheem rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam hauv cov khoom noj muaj peev xwm yuav txawv.
Piv txwv li, yav dhau los raug kev tsim txom E121 muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab cov formaldehyde E240 tam sim no raug lees paub tias yog txaus ntshai thiab txwv tsis pub siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom ntxiv tsis ua rau lub cev ntawm ib tus neeg, tsis tas yuav ua rau txhua tus neeg, yog li cov menyuam yaus, neeg tsis haum tshuaj thiab cov neeg laus xav kom siv cov khoom noj haus tsawg dua.
Muaj ntau lub tuam txhab rau kev lagluam, tsis yog tsab cai sau qhia lub npe ntawm tus additive (piv txwv li "glutamate sodium"), lwm tus siv cov ntaub ntawv tag nrho - thiab cov tshuaj lub npe thiab tsab ntawv.