Ke-tciap - qhov sib tham marinade rau cov ntses khis thiab ntses. Tom qab ntawd daim ntawv qhia ua ntau nyuaj - lub sauce twb npaj los ntawm anchovies, walnuts, nceb thiab taum seasoned nrog spices. Hauv cov ntawv ua noj ua haus, hnub no koj tuaj yeem nrhiav zaub mov txawv rau "tsis muaj" ketchups (txiv ntseej los yog nceb). Thiab tseem niaj hnub nimno ketchup yog ib txwm lws suav.
Peb txhua tus nco ntsoov li cas lawv nyiam Bulgarian ketchup. Tiam sis ob peb tus neeg paub hais tias peb muaj peb tus kheej, thiab tsis mob heev. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub deb 1930s, thaum lub lag luam canning tsuas yog tsim, thiab txawm muaj tsis muaj ntxawg thiab technical puag. Yog li ntawd, thaum xub thawj, Cov qauv siv rau American tau siv rau cov roj ntsha thiab lwm yam kev txuag. Pib txij 1939, lws suav cov khoom raug tsim ua raws li kev cai ntawm kev cai.
Ces lws suav ntses thiab lws suav muab tshuaj (los yog "qe-ntsev", "katchop") txhais tias "cov zaub mov noj qab haus huv zoo los ntawm cov txiv lws suav uas zoo, nrog cov txuj lom, ntsev, qab zib, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub los yog qej, los yog tsis muaj thiab tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li 12% ntawm lws suav hnyav. " Hauv kev xyaum, qhov no qhia txog thawj daim ntawv qhia los ntawm Henry Heinz, vim hais tias nws yog vinegar, spices thiab seasonings uas muab ib qho lws suav lauj kaub rau hauv lub ntiaj teb-nquaj sauce hu ua ketchup. Qhov no daim ntawv qhia tseem yog cov classic.
PECULIARITIES NTAWM LUB NATIONAL KETCHUP
Ntxiv nrog rau cov tsoos rau peb kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no, muaj ntau ntau yam kev hloov ntawm nws qhov kev kawm. Ntsim, barbecue, ketchup mustard, ketchup curry, ketchup chili, ketchup adzhika thiab txawm ketchup mayonnaise. Peb cov producers tsim lawv raws li lawv cov zaub mov txawv. Ntxiv nrog rau tib lub hwj, chili kua txob los yog adzhika, lawv feem ntau muaj xws li crushed zaub (dos, qej, carrots) thiab qhuav los yog tshiab tshuaj ntsuab (parsley, dill). Tab sis, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj lwm cov khoom xyaw hauv cov kua ntses.
Tus tswj fwm zoo. Qhov no nws yog ib pawg neeg uas nws kim heev, uas muaj xws li thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers. Los ntawm txoj kev, kom txog rau thaum pib ntawm 1980s, lawv siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm ketchup tsis tau tso cai. Cov qaub ncaug txhim kho cov qauv ntawm cov ntses, ua rau nws cov viscosity. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ntuj tsim, piv txwv li, pectins, lossis semisynthetic. Lub tom kawg yog zoo li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los yog cellulose thiab feem ntau yog ua los ntawm lawv. Lub lim hiam raug muab hloov ua hmoov txhuam nplej siab (tsis txhob muab cov khoom no hloov ua khoom plig). Txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub purees (piv txwv, kua, plum). Cov khoom ntxiv no kuj cuam tshuam rau kev sib luag, nrog rau kev saj. Thiab tseem muaj peev xwm muab sib cais ua ke rau hauv ib pawg nyias muaj nyias, vim hais tias lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom txo tau cov kua txiv lws suav thiab yog li cov nqi ntawm cov khoom.
Kev txhim kho ntawm qhov tsos (natural thiab artificial colors). Nyob rau hauv lub lws suav nws tus kheej muaj ntau ntawm nws cov pigment, yog li tsis muaj tshwj xeeb xav tau ntxiv nws. Tseem, lws suav ntses thiab lws suav muab tshuaj yog tej zaum tinted. Ntawm chav kawm, nws yog zoo dua yog tias dyes yog ntawm keeb kwm natural - alpha, beta los yog gamma-carotene, uas yog muab los ntawm carrots.
Regulators ntawm saj thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus flavors. Cov nroj tsuag ntsim uas txhim kho saj thiab aroma nyob rau hauv ketchup yuav tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pieces ntawm qhuav los yog tshiab tshuaj ntsuab, tab sis kuj rho tawm, concentrates los yog lawv cov roj yam tseem ceeb. Khoom noj khoom haus flavours, zoo tib yam rau ntuj, yog cov khoom tau los ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis, lawv cov qauv ua tau sib haum rau cov khoom ntuj tsim. Tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj hluavtaws ua hluavtaws. Tsis ntev los no, npaj txhij-ua flavor-aromatic mixtures yog siv uas tsis muaj tsuas flavorings thiab flavour enhancers, tab sis kuj dyes.
Thiab thaum kawg, ntau yam preservatives thiab antioxidants. Yuav kom khaws cov vitamins ntau ntxiv, nrog rau lwm cov khoom muaj nqis, hauv ketchups, zoo li hauv lwm cov kaus poom zaub mov, cov khoom noj xws li sorbic lossis benzoic acids ntxiv rau lawv. Lawv tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob. Txhawm rau khaws thawj tus saj thiab aroma rau ntev, antioxidants (ascorbic acid, tocopherols thiab lwm tus) muab ntxiv rau lawv.
Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv no muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntawv E thiab ntau tus lej. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog yuav tsum paub hais tias tsis yog tag nrho cov "E" raug tso cai siv rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia, piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem tsis ntxiv dye E121 - citrus liab los yog E123 - amaranth.
Txiv lws suav thiab kua txiv lws suav uas tsim tawm txawv teb chaws, kuj txawv ntawm txhua lwm yam. Cov kev cai cia cov kev hloov tsis yog nyob hauv kev sau ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv (piv txwv, rau cov yeeb yam tseem ceeb xws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj qhuav ntawm lws suav thiab soluble solids). Yog li, Singapore tsim cov kua nplaum nrog ib feem ntawm cov kua txiv lws suav tsawg kawg ntawm 6%, thiab hauv Uruguay - los ntawm 12%. Cov cuab yeej ntawm kev siv kuj yog txawv: hauv Bulgaria, ketchup yog npaj los ntawm lws suav zoo, hauv Spain ob qho tib si los ntawm lws suav tshuaj los yog puree, thiab los ntawm txiv lws suav, thiab hauv Singapore tsuas yog los ntawm puree. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub rooj ntsev hauv cov kua roj hmab Ketchup yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1.9%, thiab rau feem ntau lwm tus - 4%. Me ntsis sib txawv hauv cov kua ntses ntawm ntau cov qauv txheej txheem rau acidity thiab qab zib cov ntsiab lus.
Nws zoo nkaus li hnub no tsis muaj ib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj hmab. Thiab tseem muaj ntau tus kws kho mob pom zoo tias tsuas yog ib daim ntawv qhia tsuas yog muab rau nws txoj cai hu ua ketchup, thiab ntau cov zaub mov noj (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim los yog purees), thickeners thiab flavorings ua ketchup rau hauv lws suav raws li sauce.
SAU NQIS VARIATIONS: YUAV UA LI CAS YOG TOM QAB LOS?
Persistence, nrog rau ntau cov producers pheej hu ua cov kua ntses xws li, nws yooj yim piav: ketchup yog to taub thiab paub. Nws tsis yog rau ib yam dab tsi uas cov kws txawj hu nws ua ib tug mono-hnyuv: nws tsa li ntev-paub lws suav muab tshuaj txhuam, tsuas yog saj zoo dua nws. Tab sis cov kua nplaum rau hauv lws suav yog qhov "tshaj plaws-hauv-nws tus kheej". Lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ntau yam, thiab cov npe feem ntau tsis paub. Yog li ntawd, mus txog rau tam sim no, tus ntses lag luam nws tus kheej yog suav cais los ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm ketchup. Txawm li cas los, maj mam hloov txhua yam. Cov paj laum nyob rau hauv cov khoom tshiab thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nyiaj tau coj peb los ze zog mus rau Western cim rau cov kua ntses loj: lawv tau yuav ntau dua, thiab txiv lws suav tau yuav. Yog li ntawd twb hnub no, lws suav sau rau spaghetti lub tuam txhab "Baltimore" yog nrov. Qhov no yog ntse "Salsa", thiab mos "Bolognese", kua sau "Muaj nceb", "Zaub stew" thiab ua tau "Rau spaghetti". Ntawm lwm cov npe nrov - cov kua nplaum "Heinz", "Calvet". Peb kuj nyiam cov kua txiv lws suav tshiab ntawm Exotini los ntawm Sinko Group, ib pawg nto moo "Bamboo Stalk" sau.
TOMATO NPAJ NYOB RAU HAUV TXAWV TEB CHAWS
Dab tsi yog peb nyuam qhuav pib kom tau txais kev pom zoo nrog tau ntev lawm hauv cov kev coj ua noj ua haus ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Thiab nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws cuisine - nws tus yam ntxwv. Sauce Sauce feem ntau muaj txiv ntseej thiab tshuaj pleev, ntse rau cov zaub mov hauv Georgian (coriander, blue fenugreek). Tab sis nyob rau hauv ltalis ntau heev li oregano thiab basil. Lawv feem ntau ntxiv rau cov kua ntses, nrog rau cov txiv ntseej, txiv roj roj thiab balsamic vinegar. Italian salsa di pomodoro ("salsa" txhais cov txhais lus tsuas yog "ntses") npaj los ntawm kev ntxiv rau txiv lws suav ntsim tshuaj, dos, qij thiab liab kua txob. Mexican cuisine tseem ceeb tshaj Italis nrog tshwj xeeb hom peppers. Mexican sauces "salsa" thiab "chili" yog qhov txawv ntawm lub qhov muag daj thiab qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb. Nws hloov tawm ib qho mob seasoning, tib yam li ib qho kev ua lav ris, muaj npe tom qab nws. Tab sis daim ntawv ceeb toom, salsa yog npaj tsuas yog los ntawm cov txiv lws suav tshiab tshiab, los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas yog hu ua rog thiab hu ua lwm yam thiab nws tawm nrog kev sib txawv kiag li. Thiab nyob rau hauv Tim Nkij teb chaws, nws yog customary los ua ke cov khoom xyaw thiaj li hais tias qhov saj ntawm lub ntsiab zaub yog tsis cuam tshuam. Cov kua txiv lws suav ntawm Greeks puv tender thiab tsis ntse, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv nws, raws li ib txoj cai, cov nplwv ntsej muag raug ntxiv.
Nws tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem sau tag nrho cov tshuaj rau txiv lws suav. Ntxiv rau cov txuj lom, cov zaub thiab cov nceb, cov txuj lom, zaub roj, cov kua ntses muaj ntxiv rau cov nqaij, nqaij npua, nqaij qaib. Yog li ntawd, peb muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias lws suav sauce thiab lws suav tshuaj muab tau dhau los ntawm qeb ntawm additives mus rau zaub mov nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm lub tais ntawm lawv tus kheej - heev six thiab ntau.
SIGNS NTAWM zoo nkauj
Peb yuav ua li cas qhia tau ib qho zoo sauce los ntawm txhua tus neeg? Nws yooj yim heev! Cov ntses zoo nws muaj nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Ib qho zoo ntses yog ib qho ntuj ntses. Tsis muaj flavorings thiab colorants nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees, uas txhais tau hais tias - naturalness ntawm tsos nqaij daim tawv thiab aroma. Tsis tuaj yeem los yog cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm cov thickeners, piv txwv hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Nws yog qhov zoo thaum cov ntses yog mob pes tsawg. Ntxiv mus, nws tsis tas yuav "co tawm" nrog txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm txhua yam nyob ib ncig ntawm. Homogeneous sib xws (tsis hais txog ntawm daim tawv nqaij los yog noob, tab sis xam nrog cov khoom ntawm zaub thiab spices yog pub). Sib npaug ntawm kev saj. Tag nrho nws qhov ntxoov ntxoo yuav tsum muaj sib xyaw ua ke. Xwb rau tshwj xeeb ntau yam yog tso cai flavoring accents, uas yuav tsum tau reflected nyob rau hauv lub npe (piv txwv li, lws suav sauce "chili" los yog "salsa"). Ib tug neeg. Ib tug ntses zoo yuav tsum pom tau.
YUAV PAB XWB
Vim li cas peb yuav txiv lws suav thiab kua txiv lws suav? Nws yooj yim heev - lawv yog cov delicious, dhau li pab tau.
1. Cov kua ntsw zoo yeej zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Ib hom ntawm seasoning seasoning yuav ua rau qab los noj mov, thiab nws cov saj thiab aroma - txawm ntau li. Saib nws, peb tau pib tsim cov kua txiv peej thiab qhov khoom noj tau yooj yim.
2. Cov neeg uas zaum noj mov, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav ua rau koj "suab paj nruag" - ib txheej ntawm koj cov kua favourite. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem ua ib qho yooj yim rice unrecognizable thiab yooj yim ua tsis tau cov khoom "heavyweights", xws li nqaij ci. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias cov kua ntsw yog tseem lub teeb. Lws suav seasonings yog ib qho ntawm cov tsawg-calorie.
3. Npaj lws saj tuaj yeem ua rau ntau txoj kev, nrog rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm marinade. Pre-pickled nqaij nyob rau hauv lub sauce yog tsis tsuas yooj yim los npaj - nws yog yooj yim mus rau zom. Tsis zoo li cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas tsis yog acetic marinade, txiv lws suav ua rau lub cev tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm cov nqaijrog, tsis tshua ua rau tag nrho cov acidity.
4. Cov ntses tsis tsuas yog tsim kev txhawb zog thiab pab txhawb lub plab zom mov ntawm lwm cov khoom, lawv tus kheej muaj cov khoom xyaw thiab tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov txiv lws suav muaj lycopene, uas pab tua tawm tsam mob cancer prostate. Tshaj li, nws tsis ua txhaum thaum lub caij ua kom sov, uas txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv concentrated lws suav khoom (lws suav muab tshuaj txhuam los yog sauce) nws yog ntau tshaj li nyob rau hauv cov txiv lws suav.
5. Ntau cov txuj lom thiab txuj lom ntau tau siv rau hauv cov tshuaj pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv lub sauces lawv kuj tseem pab tau. Piv txwv li, kua txob-chili tsis pub cov roj dej, thiab cov kabmob kua - yog ib yam tshuaj rau lub plab.