Lub placenta yog ua raws li nram no: ib lub qe qe menyuam, nkag mus rau hauv cov kabmob uterine, txuas nrog rau ntawm nws cov phab ntsa, ua rau lub qhov muag daj, zoo li "pob kub kub rau hauv cov roj." Ntawm tag nrho cov sab ntawm lub qe yog ncig los ntawm mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab txau los ntawm tawm hle cov kev pab cuam los ntawm lub week ntawm fetal qe. Tom qab 9 hnub nyob rau txheej plhaub ntawm plab hnyuv qe muaj villi, uas nkag mus rau mucous membrane ntawm uterus, thiab twb raws lawv muab kev pab cuam mus rau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tom qab ntawd, qhov ntawm villi, uas yog ntsia rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev menyuam, tsim cov placenta thiab tob tob mus tob rau hauv cov leeg hauv plab ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Tab sis ntawm villi thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev menyuam, muaj ib qhov chaw nyob hauv ntshav circulates - ntawm no muaj kev sib pauv ntawm cov pa, carbon dioxide, cov khoom noj los ntawm leej niam mus rau lub fetus thiab rov qab.
Thaum uas cev xeeb tub lawm, lub tsho me nyuam kuj loj tuaj. Nws yog tam sim no ntau compact, ntom, yuav siv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug disk. Ib qho ntawm nws lub sab yog muab rau tus me nyuam, txoj hlab ntaws qes tawm ntawm qhov chaw, uas cov hlab ntsha nyob hauv. Rau cov hlab ntsha no, cov as-ham, cov pa oxygen nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, thiab cov khoom ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb nkag mus rau niam niam cov ntshav. Lwm sab ntawm lub tsho me nyuam, niam, nrog rau phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev menyuam.
Raws li koj tau pom, lub tsho me nyuam yuav hloov tus me nyuam nrog ob peb lub plab tseem ceeb heev: lub ntsws, lub plab, lub raum, thiab lwm yam. Tus menyuam muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib txwm yog tsuas yog tias lub tsho me nyuam ua haujlwm zoo xwb. Cov kws kho mob rau yav tom ntej niam lub cev sib sau nrog lub tsho me nyuam thiab tus me nyuam mus rau hauv ib qho kev ua ntawm "niam-placenta-fetus". Qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov system no loj heev, nws qhov chaw yog li 9 m 2 , thiab lub network ntawm cov hlab ntsha yog 40-50 km ntawm qhov ntev! Lub thickness ntawm placenta yog 3-4 cm, qhov kawg ntawm cev xeeb tub nws qhov hnyav yog 500-600 g.
Tus neeg plab hnyuv ntxias nws ua ib qho teeb meem, nws tsis cia cov tshuaj phem thiab cov kis mob kis mus rau tus me nyuam, tab sis, hmoov tsis, cov tshuaj chiv muaj qee yam tshuaj uas niam thiab tej thaum kis kab mob kis tau los ntawm nws. Lub tsho me nyuam kuj ua kom muaj ntau cov tshuaj hormones thiab lwm yam tshuaj uas pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cev xeeb tub thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam.
Lub placenta muaj cov nyhuv zoo rau yav tom ntej leej niam lub cev, qhia txog ntau ntau cov tshuaj hormones uas pab nws hloov cev xeeb tub, koom nrog qhov kev pib ntawm kev pib mob. Tias yog vim li cas, thaum saib cov niam txiv yav tom ntej, cov kws kho mob yuav ua rau cov tsos mob thiab tus qauv ntawm lub tsho me nyuam thaum lub caij cev xeeb tub tag nrho. Hauv kev kuaj mob ultrasound, qhov kev tu plawv hauv plawv yog them nyiaj, thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho, mus rau qhov chaw ntawm nws cov ntawv. Feem ntau nws nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub tsev menyuam los yog ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov phab ntsa. Tab sis qee lub sij hawm lub tsho me nyuam yuav muab tso ze rau ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tseeb tias yav tom ntej nws yuav poob qis qis, hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam hauv plab hlaub ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam, nws yuav tsum muab daim ntawv cog lus (lub hauv plab ntsug hauv plab) los sis ib feem (marginal placenta previa).
Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm plab mog plab hauv plab mog, natural births yog tsis yooj yim sua - tsuas yog cov caesarean seem. Qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai. Hauv peb lub sijhawm, txoj haujlwm yog ua tau zoo, tsis raug rau tus niam thiab tus menyuam. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kev lag luam yuav tsis tas ua. Qee lub sij hawm, nrog kev nce xeeb hauv plab, lub tsho me nyuam yuav, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, maj mam nce thiab ua ib qho chaw zoo. Placenta prevalence yuav ua rau muaj ntshav hauv lub cev xeeb tub, rho menyuam, yug menyuam ntxov.
Nyob rau hauv ultrasonography, plawv lub plawv yog tseem tau them rau nws cov thickness. Tshaj qhov tso cai me me tuaj yeem txhais tau tias o ntawm plab zom, uas tshwm sim nrog Rh-teeb meem, mob ntshav qab zib, muaj kab mob, malformations ntawm tus me nyuam, loj heev gestosis. Ib qho kev txo qis qis pom tias qhov plag qhov tsis taus. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntsuas kev txhim kho kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsho me nyuam thiaj li ua kom paub meej txog kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb los txiav txim siab txog kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsho me nyuam nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm cev xeeb tub. Yog tias lub tsho me nyuam pib ua si thaum ntxov, nws twb qhia tau hais tias kev tua menyuam.
Thaum yug tus me nyuam yug los, thiab tus kws kho mob txiav tawm ntawm txoj hlab ntaws, qhov haujlwm ntawm lub tsho me nyuam hauv plab, thiab nyob rau hauv 30 feeb rau qhov thib peb, qhov kawg theem ntawm kev yug menyuam - yug menyuam plab thiab lub plab (tom qab yug). Tom qab ntawd, qhov chaw kuaj plab yog ua tib zoo xyuas - puas muaj qhov tsis xws, chaw ua si ntxiv, cov calcareous deposits (calcification), qhia tau hais tias tus me nyuam hauv plab raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus. Qhov tseeb no yuav tsum tau muab tshaj tawm rau tus kws kho menyuam yaus. Tom qab tag nrho, rau ib tug me nyuam, xws li cov lus qhia yog nws thawj qhov kev noj qab haus huv los yog thawj cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob tau. Yog hais tias muaj ib qho tsis haum nyob hauv lub tsho me nyuam, kom tsis txhob los ntshav, qhov tshuaj loog yog tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsho me nyuam.
Yog li, tus placenta ntawm ib tug neeg, txog kev tsim, kev loj hlob, kev ua haujlwm, koj tam sim no paub tias yog ib ntus tiam sis tseem ceeb heev uas txuam thiab tiv thaiv tus me nyuam hauv niam lub plab. Tom qab yug los, lub tsho me nyuam yuav raug muab pov tseg los yog siv rau kev kho mob los yog scientific purposes.