Ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev kuaj pom tias tus kws kho mob muab rau peb yog kev ntsuas ntshav. Txawm hais tias vim li cas peb qhov chaw nyob rau ib tug kws kho mob ntawm txhua tus kws kho mob, peb ib txwm ua qhov ntsuas no. Vim li cas qhov no yog tias ntshav yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv peb lub cev. Nws penetrates yuav luag txhua lub nruab nrog cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Thiab tam sim ntawd hloov nws muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv teb rau tej yam kev ua txhaum nyob rau hauv lawv.
Cov cim tseem ceeb uas tau ntsuam xyuas hauv kev kuaj ntshav yog:
- erythrocyte suav
- hemoglobin concentration
- xim Performance index (CPU)
- hematocrit
- platelet suav
- tus leukocytes
- cov kab mob leukocyte
- erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi (ESR)
Erythrocytes
Los yog, thaum lawv tseem hu ua, cov qe ntshav liab, yog lub ntsiab ntawm peb cov ntshav. Lawv tus naj npawb yog ib txwm ua poj niam thiab txiv neej sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov poj niam: 3,5 - 5,5, thiab nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej: 4,5 - 5,5 trillion ib liter ntawm cov ntshav. Ib tug thawj hauv lawv cov zauv hu ua oligocytic anemia. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas hlwb hematopoiesis los yog cov ntshav ncua ntev.
Hemoglobin
Qhov no, uas yog muaj hauv cov qe ntshav liab thiab ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntshav - hloov cov pa oxygen ntawm lub ntsws mus rau lwm cov kabmob, thiab carbon dioxide mus rau hauv cov ntsws. Feem ntau, cov duab rau cov poj niam yog 120-150, thiab rau cov txiv neej: 130-160 gram ib liter ntawm cov ntshav. Low hemoglobin txhais tau hais tias ntshav tsis tuaj yeem "khi" thiab xa cov pa oxygen txaus rau cov nqaij. Qhov no feem ntau yog qhov teeb meem nrog ntshav tsis txaus.
Colour metric
Qhov no yog ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm tus kab mob ntawm erythrocytes thiab hemoglobin, i.e. nyob rau pes tsawg lub qe ntshav liab uas muaj cov kab mob hauv cov ntshav hemoglobin. Feem ntau, qhov ntsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.85 - 1.05. Lub siab xim Performance index tuaj yeem qhia tias qis ntshav liab qog tsis zoo ntawm cov ntshav qib siab. Tom qab ntawd cov erythrocytes tig tawm los ua "ntau tshaj" nrog hemoglobin. Qhov no tshwm sim, piv txwv li, nrog rau cov mob folic thiab B-12 deficiency. Txo cov xim xim qhia tau hais tias cov qe ntshav liab tsis tag nrog cov hemoglobin. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum uas muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev hemoglobin. Piv txwv, nrog ntshav tsis muaj ntshav liab.
Hematocrit
Qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntshav cov ntshav (zoo li cov ntsiab ntawm cov ntsiab lus) thiab kua dej (plasma). Feem ntau, qhov hematocrit txawv ntawm 36 - 42% ntawm cov poj niam thiab 40 - 48% ntawm cov txiv neej. Qhov nce hauv qhov Performance index hu ua hemoconcentration ("thickening" ntawm cov ntshav), thiab qhov txo yog hu ua hemodilution ("dilution" ntawm cov ntshav).
Platelets
Cov qe ntshav no yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov ntshav txhaws thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj vas sab. Feem ntau, lawv muaj 150 - 450 billion tus mlom hauv ib lim ntshav. Txo cov platelets (thrombocytopenia) ua rau kev ua txhaum ntawm ntshav khaus. Thiab kev nce yuav ua tau ib qho kev qhia ntawm cov ntshav qog.
Leukocytes
Cov qog no ua rau cov ntshav tseem ceeb, lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg noj qab nyob zoo, qhov ntsuas no yog nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm 4 mus rau 9 billion lub hlwb rau ib seem ntawm cov ntshav. Ib qho kev txo qis ntawm cov ntshav dawb suav tau hais tias qhov ua txhaum ntawm lawv cov khoom (qhov no tshwm sim thaum cov pob txha pob txha muaj feem cuam tshuam), thiab ib qho kev mob ntxiv - txog kab mob rau cov kab mob. Ib qho kev nce hauv leukocytes (ob peb lub kaum lossis ntau pua) tshwm sim nrog cov ntshav hlav.
Leukocyte formula
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsuas uas qhia txog feem pua ntawm txhua hom leukocyte. Cov los yog lwm cov kev hloov hauv cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob leukocyte qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev ntsig txog txoj kev uas yuav siv nyob hauv lub cev. Piv txwv, yog hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm neutrophils yog nce, ces peb tuaj yeem tham txog tus kab mob ntawm tus kab mob, thiab yog hais tias cov qog ntshav qab zib - txog tus kab mob. Qhov nce hauv eosinophils qhia ntau zaus kev fab tshuaj, phev tshuaj - ntawm cov hlav ntshav, thiab cov kab xev - ntawm cov kab mob chronic siab.
Erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi
Qhov no yog qhov nqi uas cov ntshav liab qis nyob hauv qab ntawm kev kuaj ntshav nrog ntshav. Nyob rau hauv ib tug txiv neej noj qab haus huv, nws yog los ntawm 1 mus rau 10 mm / h, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam: los ntawm 2 mus rau 15 mm / h. Qhov nce hauv qhov ntsuas feem ntau qhia tias o.
Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob nco qab tias nws tsis tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas kom raug los ntawm ntshav tsom nkaus xwb. Rau qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau coj mus rau hauv tus xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb nrhiav. Hauv cov lus sib tw, tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem soj ntsuam lawv kom raug.