Glutamate sodium, cov kev mob tshwm sim uas tsis tau meej meej lawm, yog siv ntau heev. Koj puas tau xav tias vim li cas ho muaj ntau yam khoom los ntawm cov khoom noj ceev ceev ("fast food") muaj qhov ua tsis zoo li cas? Peb yuav chips, croutons, noodles, instant soups thiab tsis tshua xav txog tias yuav ua li cas cov nqaij saj yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov khoom uas tsis muaj gram ntawm nqaij. Peb nyiam cov khoom noj khoom haus sai nrog cov saj cov nqaij npuas kib, nqaij npua, paprika, muaj ntxhiab dos nrog qaub cream, ntses liab, cheese thiab txawm dub caviar ... Lawv yog cov delicious thiab sai sai npaj. Ib tug muaj peev xwm to taub thaum cov neeg uas tsis tshua muaj sij hawm yuav khoom noj ceev. Tiam sis peb, cov neeg laus, tsis txaus siab rau kev hloov tag nrho cov pluas noj nrog ib khub ntawm cov hnab tawv nqaij ntawm crispy chips los yog sai brewing ib lub kua los ntawm ib daim ntawv khob txawm tias thaum peb nyob hauv tsev. Thiab worst ntawm tag nrho, peb pub peb cov me nyuam.
Glutamate sodium yog dab tsi?
Glutamate sodium yog ib qho khoom noj khoom haus industrially. Nws nquag siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus hauv cov kaus poom thiab cov concentrates, npaj cov khoom ua noj ua haus, ntxiv sodium glutamate thiab npaj zaub mov noj. Muaj ib lub qauv crystalline, sodium glutamate dissolves zoo hauv dej. Nws yog siv los txhim khu cov saj thiab tsis hnov tsw nqaij, kom muag cov ntsev thiab ntsim tom qab.
Raws li phau ntawv txhais lus "Encyclopaedic dictionary ntawm kev kho mob", sodium glutamate yog ib qho monosodium ntsev ntawm glutamic acid, uas siv los txhim kho txoj qab ntawm cov zaub mov kaus poom, nqaij concentrates, nqaij, thiab lwm yam. Yog hais tias noj ntau, tsis muaj zog, xeev siab, kiv taub hau, ntsej muag hyperemia, tsis kaj siab hlawv roj ntsha nyob hauv thaj tsam plab. Raws li peb pom, cov kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv sodium glutamate yog scientifically tseeb.
Nws ua glutamate sodium ntawm cov kua qaub glutamic, uas yog ib feem ntawm ntau cov proteins. Tiam sis nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom siv dawb hauv daim ntawv no yog tsawg tsawg thiab tsuas yog ib qho meager xwb. Nrog lub caij nyoog cia, khov ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov tsiaj keeb kwm, lub concentration ntawm glutamic acid txo. Thiab nrog nws, lub aroma thiab saj ntawm nqaij yog txo. Tias yog vim li cas feem ntau ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, cov tshuaj sodium glutamate ntxiv rau cov hnyuv thiab cov kaus poom zaub mov. Thiab yog hais tias nqaij tsis txaus hauv cov khoom noj thiab feem ntau ntawm nws cov neeg tsis ncaj muag khoom hloov, piv txwv li, kua - ces glutamate ntawm sodium yog tiag tiag irreplaceable! Nws yog tsaug rau glutamate sodium cov kua noob hnyuv taum tau ib lub ntuj nqaij saj thiab tsis hnov tsw.
Outwardly, sodium glutamate zoo li qab zib thiab ntsev. Tab sis nws muaj ib qho txawv saj. Tus Japanese hu nws "umami", nyob rau sab hnub poob nws yog hu ua "savory" - zoo li zoo nkaus li. Glutamate, los ntawm nws tej chaw, tau los ua ib tug vaj ntxwv tiag tiag ntawm seasonings. Nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam hnub no, nws muaj peev xwm sib tw, tej zaum, tsuas yog nrog lub rooj ntsev.
Tej teebmeem ntawm sodium glutamate
Nyob rau hauv lub impetuous atherosclerosis ntawm niaj hnub lub neej, "fast food" tau noj paus sai li sai, muab rau peb ntxiv sij hawm zoo rau kev ua hauj lwm thiab lwm yam teeb meem nias. Tab sis lub ntiaj teb sab hnub poob yog thawj lub suab lub tswb: khoom noj khoom haus ceev yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev noj zaub mov ntau thiab hnyav nce. Lub teb chaws Amelikas tau tsim cov caj npab tiv thaiv McDonald's, xav tau tias cov khw nojmov zaubmov yuav raug rho tawm ntawm "lub ntsej muag" ntawm lawv lub tebchaws. Zoo, "McDonald's" yuav ploj - puas yuav muaj ntau qhov kev hloov yog hais tias tus cwj pwm ntawm tsheej lab ntawm cov pluas noj kom txaus thiab txaus siab "ceev cov khoom noj" tau nquag tawm hauv paus? Cov khoom noj khoom haus yog qhov tawg los ntawm nws ob qho thiab nyob ntawm no. Khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj sodium glutamate, peb nyob hauv peb lub tsev muag khoom noj khoom haus thiab hypermarkets, nyob hauv cov khw me me raws li peb txoj kev niaj hnub thiab hauv cov khw tsis muaj nyob.
Tab sis koj puas tau xav txog qhov twg qhov no zoo kawg nkaus saj los ntawm cov khoom noj ceev? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim: khoom noj khoom haus, thiab ua ntej ntawm tag nrho - sodium glutamate. Cov kws kho mob tiag tiag hais tias glutamate sodium ua rau peb cov kab mob. Ntawd yog - khoom noj eaters. Saib ntawm cov chaw ua noj ua haus hauv internet, tig rau "kev tshawb nrhiav" rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm "sodium glutamate" - kawm ntau heev!
Ci ntim nrog cov bouillon cubes thiab seasonings feem ntau yog decorated nrog paj txaj. Lawv ua kev koom tes nrog cov khoom noj qab haus huv thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, feem ntau cov condiments yog hybrids ntawm cov khoom noj Science Chem nrog ntxiv ntawm ntuj zaub thiab spices. Thiab nws tsis yog qhov tseeb tias yuav muaj ntau yam khoom ntuj tsim! Txuas ntxiv rau cov chemistry, yuav luag ib nrab ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qhov ntsuas thiab cov kua zaub siav yog cov ntsev siav. Yog li ntawd, kev ua nruj ua tsiv tawm mus ua kom nyias muaj nyias thiab "overcooked". Tab sis qhov sib koom ntawm cov zaub qhuav yog qhia tsis yog los ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis los ntawm tag nrho cov pawg. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv feem feem ntau yog tsawg tshaj li ntawm salts. Qhov khoom thib peb ntawm ntau cov txuj lom, broths thiab concentrates yog qab additives: inosinate thiab sodium glutamate. Lawv muab ib lub saj rau zaub mov noj, tsis yog zaub thiab zaub. Feem ntau, saj ua kom zoo dua ntxiv tsis ntau dua cov zaub ntsuab thiab cov zaub qhuav. Cov neeg tsim khoom ua lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom ua rau lawv feem ntau ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
Txhua leej txhua tus paub hais tias broths yog cov khoom noj zoo nkauj heev thiab tsis zoo. Lawv muaj cov zaub mov thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog heev nyob rau hauv ib lub ntuj broth ntawm gelatin, muaj collagen. Collagen yog lub ntuj tsim ntawm cov tawv nqaij, tawv nqaij, plaub hau, phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha. "Ib lub tsho zoo uas kho tau neeg tuag" - yog nyeem cov lus Mev. Tab sis qhov no yog ib qho nqaij uas peb tau txais los ntawm cov blocks qhuav, yog li colorfully sawv cev nyob rau hauv txhua hnub advertising TV dab neeg? Cov tshuaj ua kom muaj kua thiab cov kua qab ua kua muaj cov cuav ntxiv uas muab rau lawv ntses los yog nqaij flavors. Txij li thaum siv cov natural broths yog kim heev rau lub khw muag khoom.
Cov coj ntawm sodium glutamate tsuas pub cov zaub mov ua kom txuag tau ntawm nceb, nqaij qaib, nqaij thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Tom qab tag nrho, cov khoom yuav muab tso rau hauv es tsis txhob ntawm ib daim av tag nrho ib tug me me ntawm av hauv av fibers los yog nws cov Extract. Thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li recreate tus xav ntawm ib tug nqaij zaub, nws yog txaus rau spice li cov khoom nrog ib tug pinch ntawm sodium glutamate.
Dab tsi 's tsis ncaj ncees lawm?
Yeej no cov lus nug yuav raug nug los ntawm ntau cov nyeem. Ua ntej, nws txuag tsis tsuas yog cov zaub mov kev lag luam, tab sis kuj tau txais kev pab. Khoom noj khoom haus tsis pheej yig, nws tsis txaus rau txhua tsev neeg ua noj ua haus tam sim no. Qhov thib ob, nws siv sijhawm ntev los npaj zaub mov "tiag"! Nws hloov tawm, "deception yog noble". Tsis yog, qhov no yog kev dag ntxias. Nrog cov khoom noj ceev, peb tsis tau txaus cov amino acids thiab lwm yam khoom tsim nyog rau lub cev muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntuj tsim. Xwb, peb haus cov dej haus zoo ntawm sodium glutamate, uas, raws li hais los saum no, ua rau peb cov kab mob.
Thaum ntxov li ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom tias sodium glutamate yuav ua li cas pab me me thiab tsw qab uas zoo ib yam li tej khoom noj. Tus neeg hauv cov lus tau txais cov khoom noj uas ua rau glutamic acid - uas yog lub ntsiab "roj" rau lub hlwb. Glutamic acid tsom kom txawj ntse, ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab thiab tsis muaj zog, txo cov qaug zog. Tab sis qhov no siv rau cov kua qaub ntuj. Tib lub receptors hnov mob sensitively rau sodium glutamate, uas yog, synthetically tau monosodium ntsev ntawm glutamic acid.
Qhov no additive tuaj ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm Japanese laboratories coj los ntawm Kikunai Ikeda, nyob rau hauv 1908 lub ntiaj teb thawj cov khoom cua monosodium glutamate tau txais. Nws tau ntxiv zog rau qhov tsw qab thiab saj ntawm nqaij. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1947 nws tau tshaj tawm rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb hais tias feem ntau cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab yuav muab coj los ua ke sai heev nyob rau hauv phab ntsa ntawm cov chaw kuaj mob. Hauv no peb paub tseeb tias hnub no.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-seventies, loj storms erupted nyob ib ncig ntawm sodium glutamate. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects no yog vim lub chaw thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub network ntawm Suav zaub mov nyob rau sab hnub poob. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, lub npe hu ua "Chinese restaurant syndrome" tau pom thiab piav qhia. Qhov no yog ib qho tsis zoo ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm sodium glutamate. Ntau tus qhua rau cov khw nojmov (xws li Suav zabegalovok), tau noj cov kab txawv sab hnub tuaj, tsis ntev dhau los muaj kev kub ntxhov rau lub taub hau, pib hws thiab caj pas. Cov neeg mob tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws txawm tsim lub hawb pob ntawm hawb pob ntawm kev tuag. Qhov kev mob tshwm sim no yog vim li cas thiaj li kawm ntxiv txog cov khoom noj no. Nws muab tawm tias sodium glutamate tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov blocks iodine hauv lub cev. Yog li ntawd, nrog lub deficiency ntawm iodine, ntau yam kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim tau lawv tus kheej. Nrog rau lub cev qhuav dej, qhov hnyav nce, cov kab mob metabolic.
Glutamate sodium feem ntau yog siv dav heev hauv chav ua noj nruab ntug. Hauv Thaib teb, piv txwv li, nws qhov nruab nrab tau nce mus txog 3 gram ib hnub ib tus neeg twg. Zoo tsis muaj cov zaub mov Suav rau cov tais diav tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau qhov no.
Nco txog txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm American neurophysiologist John Olney, uas tau ua hauv xyoo 1957. Nws pom tias sodium glutamate yuav ua rau lub hlwb puas tsuaj hauv cov nas. Tom qab qhov no, glutamate pib xav tias qhov teeb meem ntawm ntau yam kab mob - los ntawm kev mob taub hau txwm mus rau Alzheimer's. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tshaj plaws ntawm "khoom noj chemistry" tau hammered rau hauv lub tswb: artificially tau monosodium glutamate yog ib qho tshuaj lom uas ua rau siab ua rau lub paj hlwb. Nws yog qhov ua rau muaj hlwb ntau heev, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam. Ntau xyoo ntawm glutamate sodium tau kawm ntau yam. Feem ntau ntawm cov lus sib liam no tau muab tso tseg thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus feem ntau tau txais kev nyab xeeb. Txawm hais tias "suav tsev nojmov Syndrome" thiab tsis zoo rau kev mob ntsws asthma, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum lees paub. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tus ntawm corporations, lub lag luam raug hushed li.
Cov lus pom zoo
Hnub no, sodium glutamate yog legalized. Ntawd yog, nws tau txais los ntawm kev siv raws li khoom noj khoom haus thiab nws raug qhia los ntawm txoj cai E 621 (rau khoom txawv teb chaws - MSG). Nws ntseeg tau tias thaum siv los ntawm cov kev txwv tsim nyog, glutamate sodium yuav tsis ua mob leej twg. Cov koob tshuaj txhua hnub rau cov neeg laus yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1.5 grams, rau cov tub ntxhais hluas - 0.5 grams. Cov menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos yuav tsum tsis txhob noj cov khoom noj uas muaj glutamate sodium. Raws li ib tug lej, nws muaj hnub no, raws li ntau qhov chaw, 75-95% ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus industrially ua khoom noj los yog cov khoom tiav ib nrab.
Wb sib sau. Obviously, nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov plhuav khoom noj khoom haus additives, tus taw tes tau tseem tsis tau teem. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj los yuav tsum tseem ceeb toom peb thiab txhawb kom peb kho peb cov khoom noj thiab kev tu vaj tse. Peb thiaj li raug coj los ntawm qhov kev npaj ntawm peb chav ua mov! Cov rooj tog zoo nkauj, ci ntsa iab, nrog txhua hom kab hlau plates, ncu, txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lawv tsim los pab txhawb thiab ua kom tiav cov khoom noj qab haus huv thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Thiab tam sim no li cas tais diav! Tab sis peb niaj hnub siv tag nrho cov sib txuas, mixers, blenders, juicers, electron-rives? Tsis yog, peb tsis txhob tig rau lub qhov cub txhua txhua hnub - cov dej kub ntawm lub hwj kais, ib yam dab tsi sov so - nyob rau hauv lub microwave, seem ntawm cov khoom noj - ntawm pob ntawv tam sim ntawd mus rau lub rooj.
Tau kawg, tsis muaj "cov khoom noj ceev" thiab cov khoom ua tiav ib nrab hnub, hnub no nws yuav luag tsis ua rau peb tswj. Tab sis nws tsis yog npaj rau txhua txhua hnub! Txawm hais tias hnyuv ntxwm hnyuv ntxwm, hnyuv ntxwm, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom tsis txhob noj ntau zaus. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom cua zoo ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim thiab hnov tsw, lawv kuj muaj roj ntau. Yog li ntawd, vim lawv txoj kev noj qab nyob zoo thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lawv cov me nyuam yuav tsum tau npaj los ntawm peb tus kheej! Hau nyiab borscht, porridges, cutlets, omelets, chops, ntses thiab tas tshiab zaub nyoos. Nco ntsoov tias thaum muaj sodium glutamate, cov kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem hais tias tsis zoo.