Peb txhua tus tau pom tshauv, uas tseem nyob tom qab hlawv ntoo. Ntau tus niam tsev, loj hlob sab hauv thiab vaj teb, siv tshauv li pob zeb hauv av chiv. Thiab qhov no yog tsis xav tsis thoob, vim tshauv yog lub feem ntau natural fertilizer. Tab sis yog hmoov ntoo rau cov nroj tsuag?
Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tus nqi ntawm tshauv
Tshauv yog ib qho uas tsis yog hluav taws kub ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av uas siv cov nroj tsuag ntoo los yog ntoo thaum lawv cov kev tua hluav taws. Nyob rau hauv no txuas, tshauv yog txawv rau ntoo thiab zaub tshauv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog xam ntoo ntoo. Tshauv yog suav hais tias yog ib tug zoo alkaline poov tshuaj-phosphorus complex fertilizer. Cov hmoov tshauv ntawm cov ntoo tshauv muaj xws li potassium carbonate, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, zinc, tooj liab, sulfur thiab tsis muaj nitrogen. Qhov ratio ntawm tseem ceeb tshuaj nyob ntawm raw khoom: nyob rau hauv lub tshauv ntawm vine, qos nroj tsuag thiab stems ntawm sunflower txog li 40% ntawm poov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv lub tshauv ntawm cov ntoo tsiaj, txog 30% ntawm calcium, nyob rau hauv conifer tshauv, txog li 7% ntawm phosphorus. Nco ntsoov: nyob rau hauv lub tshauv ntawm herbaceous poov tshuaj nroj tsuag, ntau tshaj li nyob rau hauv ntoo, tab sis phosphorus nyob rau hauv tshauv yog tsawg dua poov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv peat tshauv muaj ib tug ntau ntawm txiv qaub thiab heev me ntsis poov tshuaj. Xws li cov tshauv tsuas yog siv tau raws li ib tug calcareous fertilizer kom txo acidity.
Qhov kev pab ntawm ashes rau sab hauv tsev thiab vaj nroj tsuag yog hais tias lub phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj uas yog nyob rau hauv nws yog zoo absorbed los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj chlorine nyob rau hauv tshauv. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav siv tau rau cov qoob loo uas muaj kev nkag siab heev rau lub caij no thiab tsis zoo rau nws. Cov no yog cov nroj tsuag xws li raspberries, currants, txiv pos nphuab, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qos yaj ywm thiab lwm tus.
Rau cov av uas yog tseem ceeb tshauv
Qaws yog zoo heev rau acidic, nruab nrab, sod-podzolic, grey hav zoov, bog-podzolic thiab marshy xau. Cov dej num zoo yog tsim rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag: lawv sai sai thaum pib ntawm kev sib hloov thiab mob me ntsis. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tshauv tsis tsuas yog coj zoo micronutrients rau cov av, tab sis kuj kho nws cov qauv, txo nws acidity. Nws yuav tsum tau thov rau hnyav xau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab ntawm lub ntsws (xuab zeb thiab ntxhuav loamy) - tsuas yog thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Piav txog 200 gram ib square meter.
Tsis txhob ntxiv tshauv mus rau hauv av nrog ib lub pH ntawm 7 los yog siab dua: qhov tshauv ua rau cov tshuaj lom alkaline ntawm cov substrate. Nco ntsoov: yog hais tias cov av muaj ntau ntawm cov txiv qaub, tab sis me ntsis poov tshuaj thiab phosphorus, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua rau tshauv nyob hauv ib qho. Txij li thaum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no cov av yuav ntxiv zais nrog txiv qaub. Cov nyhuv ntawm tshauv tom qab daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov av kav ntawm 2 mus rau 4 xyoos.
Siv cov tshauv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhuav
Khaws tshauv nyob rau hauv hnab yas hauv qhov chaw qhuav, yog li nws yuav khaws tag nrho nws cov khoom tseem ceeb. Yuav kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntoo tshauv, koj yuav tsum tau kho nws. 1 teaspoon muaj 2 g ntawm ashes, 6 g nyob rau hauv 1 tablespoon, 100 g rau hauv 1 iav, 250 g nyob rau hauv ib nrab-liter hub, 500 g nyob rau hauv ib lub 1-liter hub.
Ntoo tshauv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thee, nyob rau hauv particular birch thiab aspen, yog ib tug heev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov neeg koom nyob rau hauv floriculture. Daim ntawm daim ntim ntawm 0.8 - 1 cm raug pom zoo kom muab ntxiv rau lub substrate rau orchids, aroids, cacti thiab succulents (3 - 8% ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov substrate). Los ntawm thee, lub substrate ua xoob thiab dej-permeable. Tsis tas li ntawd, thee yog ib qho zoo antiseptic, nws tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm los ntawm lwj. Hmoov ntawm charcoal yuav siv tau los kho cov nroj tsuag qhov txhab.
Ua ntej yuav cog tsev nroj tsuag nws yog pom zoo kom ntxiv tshauv nyob rau hauv lub substrate thiab sib tov zoo nrog cov av. Ash yog ib qho zoo heev fertilizer nyob rau hauv lub loj hlob rau lub caij. Qee qhov kev pom zoo siv:
• Rau cov qaj, cov ntoo tshauv yuav tsum ntxiv txhua 10 hnub los ntawm lub paj, sprinkling cov av ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 iav 1 sq.m.
• Muab 1 - 2 diav ntim rau cov yub los yog 1 iav 1 sq. M qab hauv qab zucchini thiab taub. thaum khawb lub txaj.
• Rau txiv lws suav, tshauv yog pib hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum lub caij npaj ntawm cov av ntawm qhov 2/3 khob ntawm 1 sq.m. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj - pib ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, ib nrab ntawm ib lub khob ntawm cov ntoo tshauv ib square meter yog thov mus rau cov av.
• Rau cov kua txob tshauv ua thaum tying txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nphoo cov av ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm 1 iav 1 sq.m.
• Qos qos yaj ywm raug pom zoo rau 30 hnub ua ntej cog pollinated tshauv, thiab thaum cog rau hauv lub qhov, ncuav rau ib tug puv tes ntawm tshauv.
• 1 tablespoon of ash ib 1 sq.m.
• 100 - 200 g ntawm tshauv ntawm 1 sq. M. Tau siv rau beet, turnip thiab radish.
• Rau strawberries, raspberries thiab paj, 100 g ntawm ashes ib 1 sq.m.
Tshauv yog heev tseem ceeb rau cherries thiab plums. Rau qhov no, txhua txhua 4 xyoo, koj yuav tsum tau noj lawv nrog tshauv. Ua ke ntawm lub voj voog ntawm cov yas, cov ntoo raug kaw nrog ib lub thoob ntawm 15 cm sib sib zog nqus, tshauv yog them rau hauv nws, los yog lawv tau nchuav nrog hluav tshauv. Nws yog npaj raws li nram no: 2 khob ntawm cov ntoo tshauv ncuav ib thoob dej. Ditch tam sim ntawd sprinkled nrog lub ntiaj teb. Adult ntoo yuav tsum tau txog 2 kg ntawm tshauv. "Hlub" tshauv thiab bushes ntawm dub currant. Nws yog qhov pom zoo kom ua peb khob ntawm tshauv nyob rau hauv txhua lub hav txwv ywm thiab tam sim ntawd muab khi rau hauv cov av. Los ntawm txoj kev, tshauv scares slugs thiab snails. Ua li no, scatter qhuav tshauv ntawm lub stems thiab ib ncig ntawm lub nroj tsuag nyob ze uas lawv nyob. Yog hais tias aphids tau tshwm sim, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los sprinkle cov av nyob rau hauv lub bushes ntawm gooseberries thiab currants nrog ashes.
Tshauv infusions
Tshauv Infusion yog siv los fertilize nroj tsuag. Npaj lub tshauv infusion thiaj li: 100 - 150 g ntawm tshauv yuav tsum tau poured nrog ib thoob dej thiab insist rau txog ib lub lim tiam, periodically tov: tseem ceeb cov tshuaj los ntawm tshauv yooj yim dhau mus rau hauv dej. Lub resulting infusion watered lub nroj tsuag, siv raws li ib tug fertilizer. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau tas li stirred, pouring rau hauv grooves rau txiv lws suav, cucumbers, cabbage. Cov cai yog ib nrab ntawm cov hmoov sib tov rau ib tsob nroj. Tom qab no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tam sim ntawd sau nrog av.
Koj tuaj yeem npaj cov hmoov tshauv xab npum. Nws yog suav hais tias yog universal, tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv. Rau qhov no nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los sift 3 kg ntawm tshauv, ncuav nws 10 liv ntawm dej kub, insist ob hnub. Tom qab ntawd lim, ntxiv 40 g ntawm xab npum, yav dhau los diluted nyob rau hauv ib tug me me ntawm dej kub. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov pob zeb hauv av. Qhov no daws yuav tsum tau sprayed nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv thaum yav tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv qhuav huab cua. Siv ob peb zaug ib lub caij txhua 10 mus rau 14 hnub.
Puab hmoov tshauv
Yuav ua li cas thiaj yuav tawg tau paj (lunaria, vespers, alissum) thiab qee cov nroj tsuag (zaub qhwv, radish, radish, dos, dej). Qhov no yuav pab kom tsav tsheb sai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, cov kabmob ya, kabmob ya mus ya dos, los ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Lub tshauv nrog ntoo tshauv yog ua li no. Siv ib qho tin nplaum los yog yas tau, ntau qhov ua rau hauv qab, ces nws yog poured rau hauv ib lub thawv ntawm tshauv thiab, me ntsis tuav nws tshaj nroj tsuag, lawv them rau lawv nrog ib plua plav ash hmoov. Hmoov yuav tsum tau ua kom ntxov thaum sawv ntxov. Ntoo thiab straw tshauv zoo lis copes nrog grey rot rau strawberries. Thaum lub sij hawm ripening ntawm berries pollinate lub bushes nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10-15 grams ntawm tshauv ntawm ib Bush. Pollination yuav tsum tau rov qab dua 2 - 3 zaug, tab sis tshauv yog npaum li cas rau 5 - 7 g ib Bush. Qes yuav pollinated by qos yaj ywm beds: lub larvae ntawm Colorado beetle perish tag.
Soaking
Nyob rau hauv cov ntoo tshauv, nws pom zoo kom soak lub noob rau 5 mus rau 6 xuab moos. Xws li ib da dej yuav siv tau rau eggplants, peppers, txiv lws suav, cucumbers thiab lwm cov qoob loo. 20 g ntawm tshauv dilute 1 liter dej thiab ntws.
Dab tsi ua tau thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua nrog tshauv
Ntoo tshauv tsis yog sib tov yooj yim, raws li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab. Nws yuav tsum tau siv raws li tag nrho cov cai:
• Txhob ua hmoov tshauv nrog nitrogen chiv, superphosphate, phosphorite hmoov, txiv qaub, quav tsiaj, ammonium nitrate, urea thiab noog daj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, txog li ib nrab ntawm nitrogen yog poob lawm. Yam tsawg kawg ib hlis tom qab, nitrogen chiv yuav tsum tau mus thov rau cov av tom qab daim ntawv thov ntawm tshauv.
• Tsis pub ntau tshaj li 8% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm superphosphate tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau cov ntoo tshauv mus rau qhov ncauj zoo nkauj.
• Ntoo ntoo tshauv yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tsim txom raws li lub chiv. Los ntawm nce lub alkaline ras txog ntawm cov av, tshauv yuav thaiv cov nroj tsuag nkag mus rau tseem ceeb tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov av.
• Yog cov tshauv ntawm cov peat yog xeb, koj tuaj yeem coj tsis tau rau hauv av. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug tshauv yuav muaj ntau hlau, uas yuav qeeb lub nqus ntawm phosphorus.
• Tshauv tuaj yeem siv nrog humus, compost los yog peat.
• Tshauv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab ntxiv rau cov av rau cov nroj tsuag uas zoo dua li cov kua qaub av ntawm lub substrate (azaleas, camellias, rhododendrons, heathers).
• Yuav tsum muab cov av txav mus rau hauv av kom tsawg dua 8 - 10 cm, raws li sab laug ntawm qhov chaw, nws ua ib qho kev ua kom cov nroj tsuag thiab cov av nws tus kheej.
• 1 kg ntawm ntoo tshauv chaw nyob 220 g ntawm granular superphosphate, 500 g ntawm txiv qaub thiab 240 g ntawm poov tshuaj chloride.
Tom qab cov lus pom zoo, qhov txiaj ntsim los ntawm cov ntoo tshauv rau cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws.