Iodine deficiency
Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntau tshaj li 1.5 billion tus neeg nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm iodine tsis muaj peev xwm. 655 plhom leej tau saib xyuas qhov kawg. 43 lab - hlwb ruamqauj vim yog iodine deficiency. Qhov teeb meem ntawm iodine deficiency yog undoubtedly yam rau peb. Peb siv suab txhua qhov muaj iodine deficiency hauv xau thiab dej. Nws tsis txaus hauv zos zaub mov. Nws muaj ntau qhov kev kis tau ntawm goiter, uas tau ntau xyoo tau raug txiav txim siab tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm iodine deficiency. Cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb hauv ntau lub teb chaws hauv teb chaws, tau ua pov thawj cov pejxeem ntawm iodine tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov mob loj.
Iodine deficiency muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Cov menyuam yaus, tub ntxhais hluas, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov poj niam uas muaj me nyuam muaj mob tshwj xeeb. Kab mob vim yog tsis muaj iodine xwb tsis cuam tshuam cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Tab sis lawv kuj tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev, kev tsim kom muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntawm kev xeeb menyuam, kev loj hlob ntawm kev yug menyuam thiab kev tuag ntawm menyuam yaus, txo qis dua hauv kev txawj ntse thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm txhua haiv neeg. Cov lus nug tshwm sim - vim li cas hauv tib neeg lub cev tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau iodine deficiency? Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas nws tsis txaus siv vim nws cov ntsiab lus qis hauv cov zaub mov thiab dej. Tab sis kuj muaj lwm yam:
• ua txhaum ntawm iodine absorption nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv;
• ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm iodine assimilation los ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv biosynthesis ntawm cov thyroid hormones;
• Tsis muaj peev xwm nyob hauv ib puag ncig thiab khoom noj khoom haus ntawm ntau lub microelements. Tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tsis muaj selenium, zinc, bromine, tooj liab, cobalt, molybdenum. Thiab kuj yog ib qho dhau ntawm calcium, fluorine, chromium, manganese;
• qhov muaj nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm "zobogenic" yam uas cuam tshuam rau hauv lub xeev ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.
Xav txog nws! Cov ntsiab lus ntawm iodine nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov cheeb tsam ntawm peb lub teb chaws tsis tshaj 15-20 mg. Meanwhile, txhua txhua hnub uas yuav tsum tau ua kom nws yog 100 mus txog 200 μg. Txawm li cas los xij, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog overeat iodine-muaj cov khoom noj thiab noj cov tshuaj iodine-muaj kuj tsis tsim nyog. Tus nqi ntawm iodine yog txaus ntshai li nws cov deficiency. Kev noj qab haus huv ntau yog 1000 thiab ntau dua mcg / hnub.
Qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm iodine deficiency rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv
Lub ntsiab ntawm cov kab mob vim yog tsis muaj iodine yog tsis txaus noj ntawm iodine los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj cev. Iodine yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau tib neeg. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj ntsha ntawm cov thyroid hormones - thyroxine thiab triiodothyronine. Los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus rau cov neeg mob txoj hnyuv, iodine los ntawm daim tawv nqaij iodide, uas, nrog cov ntshav, nkag mus rau hauv ntau yam kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov qoob loo hauv cov thyroid caj pas. Ntawm no, mus txog li 80% ntawm iodine hauv lub cev muaj concentrated. Txhua hnub, lub thyroid caj pas secretes 90-110 μg ntawm thyroxine hormone thiab 5-10 μg ntawm triiodothyronine. Cov tshuaj hormones no muaj kev koom tes hauv ntau cov txheej txheem metabolic uas ua rau lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Lawv kuj tso cai rau koj kom sai sai kom qis tsawg dua ntawm iodine los ntawm qhov chaw. Tab sis nrog cov tshuaj iodine tsis muaj mob yog qhov ua txhaum cai ntawm kev hloov kho, qhov ua rau cov tshuaj hormones txo thiab ntau yam pathologies tsim hauv lub cev.
Ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov xeev iodine deficiency yog los ntawm lub deficiency ntawm selenium hauv lub cev. Selenium tseem me me nyob rau hauv peb cov av, thiab chaw pib nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj natural. Nws yog pov thawj tias thaum lawv tseem muaj iodine thiab selenium deficiency tshwm sim tsis txaus cov tshuaj hormones. Muaj ib qho kev ua rau hypothyroidism. Ntxiv mus, cov deficiency ntawm selenium tsis ua rau cov neeg mob cov hlab ntsha hauv cov thyroid caj dab hloov necrotic, fibrotic.
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub mus tse kuj yog txhawb los ntawm cov tshuaj: sulfonamides, ntau qhov tshuaj tua kab mob. Thiab kuj yog cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov tsev neeg uas muaj plaub leeg: cov ceg tawv daj, cov zaub qhwv pob kws, pob kws, xyoob ntoo, cov qos yaj ywm qab thiab lwm tus. Flavonoids yog cov khoom xyaw ruaj khov uas muaj nyob hauv ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, txiv ntseej: millet, taum, txiv laum huab xeeb. Phenol derivatives, dav siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb raws li tshuaj tua kab thiab herbicides. Cov tshuaj lom muaj cov pa luam yeeb, cov dej hauv cov lag luam.
Nyob hauv cov mob ntawm iodine deficiency, cov qoob loo thyroxin thyroxin thiab triiodothyronine zuj zus lawm. Tib lub sijhawm, kev tso ntshav tawm ntawm lub thyrotropic hormone yog qhib kom ua, txoj hauj lwm ntawm uas yog los tsim kho biosynthesis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones. Kev hnyav dhau ntawm cov thyroid-stimulating hormone ua rau kev zwm hauv cov thyroid caj pas. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus tsim tawm yog tsim, uas tau ntau xyoo tau suav tias yog ib qho kev sib tw ncaj qha ntawm iodine deficiency. Raws li koj tau pom, qhov tshwm sim ntawm tsis muaj iodine rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv yog tu siab heev.
Kev ntsuas kom tiv thaiv tau iodine deficiency
Vim tias muaj cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm iodine deficiency thiab lawv tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam yaus, cov hluas thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, lub ntiaj teb no tau ua haujlwm nrog tshem tawm cov iodine deficiency disorders ntawm ntiaj chaw. Hauv ntau lub teb chaws, lub xeev txoj kev pabcuam tshem tawm iodine deficiency tau raug tsim los lawm. Lub hauv paus ntawm no lub tswv yim, kev pab rau cov yaj phob loj, yog raws li paub tseeb ntawm qhov zoo ntawm iodized ntsev. Lub Rooj Sib Tham Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm iodine Deficiency Disorders ICCIDD tau pom zoo siv hom kev tiv thaiv no kom zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev siv cov iodized ntsev yog qhov ntsuas loj tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm iodine deficiency. Twb muaj coob tus ntsev cov nroj tsuag ua tau txaus tus nqi ntawm cov roj iodized zoo uas nkag mus rau hauv lub lag luam network. Iodized ntsev yog dav siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem catering lag luam thiab nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm cov khoom tiav: qhob cij, sausage, confectionery. Nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm tus me nyuam mos noj tau pib.
Los saib xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua ub ua no, ib qho kev saib xyuas kev tswjhwm thiab kho mob tau tsim tau. Lub cev huv si thiab cov kab mob kev tswj hwm ntawm lub cev yog saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm iodine hauv cov ntsev ntawm cov zaub mov ua lag luam, hauv paus, hauv cov khw, cov chaw ua lag luam, kev zov me nyuam thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab hauv cov tsev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv. Iodine cov ntsiab lus hauv khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos kuj tau saib xyuas.
Vim li cas iodized ntsev?
• Ntsev yog tsuas yog cov mineral uas ntxiv rau cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj kev kho tshuaj tshwj xeeb;
• Ntsev yog siv los ntawm txhua pawg hauv zej tsoom tsis hais txog kev noj kev haus thiab nyiaj txiag;
• Cov ntsev noj mov ua rau thaj chaw ncaj (5-15 g ib hnub) thiab tsis nyob ntawm lub caij nyoog, hnub nyoog, kev sib deev;
• Nrog rau kev siv ntsev cov iodis kom zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem tshaj cov tshuaj iodine thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem;
• iodized ntsev yog pheej yig thiab muaj rau txhua tus neeg.
Yuav ua li cas cia thiab siv cov iodized ntsev
• Iodized ntsev khaws nws cov khoom uas muaj suab thaj rau 3-4 lub hlis. Yog li ntawd, thaum yuav ntsev, nco ntsoov saib hnub ntawm nws cov khoom siv.
• Iodine evaporates ntsev yog tias khaws cov khoom ntiag tug tsis zoo (hauv cov thawv ntim, hauv siab nto). Txhais tau tias, tom tsev lub pob nrog ntsev yuav tsum tau muab tam sim ntawd nchuav rau hauv lub hwj nrog ib lub hau ntim thiab muab tso kom deb ntawm lub hau thiab lub dab dej. Yog hais tias lub ntsev yog tseem sodden nyob rau hauv lub lumps, nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, tau siv nws. Tab sis qhov no yuav tsis tau iodized ntsev, tab sis zoo tib yam.
• Nrog cua sov, thiab ntau npau ntawm cov khoom, iodine los ntawm ntsev yuav volatile. Yog li, ntsev cov tais nrog iodized ntsev ua ntej noj.
• Nws tsis pom zoo siv cov iodized ntsev thaum pickling qis, zaub qhwv, nceb. Pickles tau ferment thiab tau txais ib tug saj saj.
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua hauj lwm tsis tu ncua mus tshem tawm iodine deficiency? Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhia tau hais tias muaj zog ntawm iodine mov. Cov kev tshawb fawb no yog muab los ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm 1999 mus txog 2007. Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas qhov iodized ntsev yog nquag siv, kev kuaj muaj iodine Cheebtsam nce nruab nrab ntawm 47 μg / l rau xyoo 1999 rau 174 μg / l hauv 2007. Thiab qhov no yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov lus pom zoo ntawm World Health Organization.
Potassium iodide
Yog li yuav ua li cas hais txog "txhua yam yooj yim heev - kev noj qab haus huv, kev xav thiab kev loj hlob"? Raws li cov kws txawj, 6 grams zoo iodized ntsev muaj ib hnub twg xav tau iodine. Yog li, nws siv suab daws teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, pawg uas muaj teeb meem (cov menyuam yaus, cov hluas, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov poj niam xeeb menyuam) yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj ntau ntxiv ntawm iodine. Lawv raug txhawb kom ntxiv rau cov khoom noj uas muaj iodine-enriched. Thiab kuj npaj ntawm poov tshuaj iodide. Potassium iodide kuj yog ib qho kev ntsuas zoo heev txog kev tiv thaiv iodine deficiency. Muaj kev pom zoo ntawm cov kws pab tswv yim ntawm WHO thiab UNICEF rau kev noj cov potassium iodide los ntawm ntau pawg ntawm cov pejxeem:
• Cov me nyuam uas muaj 2 xyoos rov hauv - tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 90 μg / hnub; txaus theem ntawm iodine kom tsawg - 180 mcg / hnub.
• Cov pojniam xeebtub - yam tsawg 250 μg / hnub; ib qib txaus ntawm iodine kom tsawg yog 500 mcg / hnub.
• Cov poj niam pub niam mis - tsawg 250 mcg / hnub; ib qib txaus ntawm iodine kom tsawg yog 500 mcg / hnub.
Txawm li cas los xij, txhob cia siab rau qhov tseeb tias tom qab noj cov tshuaj hu ua potassium iodide los yog siv cov khoom noj zoo, cov me nyuam yuav loj hlob sai thiab ua neeg txawj ntse. Tag nrho cov taw tes yog tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv iodine. Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj teebmeem txog kev mob hlwb, nws poob qab nws cov phooj ywg nyob hauv kev loj hlob, thiab kev tshawb fawb "tsis muaj hnub qub saum ntuj" - nws yuav tsum tau lees tias: tsis muaj iodine ntawm no yog txhaum rau yam tsawg. Muaj qee qhov lwm cov, ntau yam tseem ceeb.
Qib iodine deficiency tau tam sim no yuav raug kwv yees li tsawg tshaj plaws los yog borderline. Yog li, siv cov tshuaj hu ua potassium iodide (nws yog qhov zoo rau kev sab laj nrog ib tus kws kho mob ua ntej), koj tsis tas yuav ntxiv rau cov tshuaj vitamin uas muaj iodine. Los yog, tib lub sij hawm, lean on zaub mov fortified nrog iodine. Yog hais tias cov khoom no siv tsis meej, lawv tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ntsuas ntxiv thaum siv iodized ntsev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev siv cov khoom ntuj tsim nyob rau hauv iodine (hiav txwv, hiav txwv ntses, kua qaub, qe, walnuts) tsis yog tam sim no tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm txoj kev tiv thaiv. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm iodine nyob rau hauv lawv txawv ntau nyob ntawm ntau yam, qhov kev mob ntawm cultivation thiab cia. Ntawd yog, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom yog tseeb twv qhov khiav ntawm iodine mus rau hauv lub cev.
Peb tau kuaj xyuas cov lus qhia zoo heev, kev txiav txim siab rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb yog cov lus qhia rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub zos loj thiab territories nrog ib tug dysfunctional ib puag ncig teeb meem. Rau cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av uas muaj kuab tawg los ntawm cov tshuaj yoojyim nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau siv cov iodized ntsev, potassium iodide thiab cov khoom muaj nplua iodine.