Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos ntawm pasta yog poob hauv lub depths ntawm ib-paus xyoo. Nws yog paub tias twb nyob rau hauv Ancient Greece rau qhuav ntawm noodles siv dov pin thiab tshwj xeeb riam. Cov nplej zom qhuav yog thawj zaug hauv Sicily xyoo pua. Lawv qhuav nyob rau hauv lub hnub, seasoned nrog txiv ntseej roj, cheese, tshuaj ntsuab, noj. Ua ntej, cov Italians tuaj nrog lub tshuab tshwj xeeb rau cov khob noom cookie, ces nias rau ntawm ntau hom. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tsis yog tsis muaj dab tsi uas lawv nicknamed "pasta".
MUSIC NTAWM TUS
Meloman yooj yim nkag siab txog nws txhais li cas forte los yog crescendo, thiab gourmet - pasta fresca los yog lasagna. Italians yog cov neeg nyiam suab paj nruag lovers thiab gourmets. Lawv muab ua tswv yim zoo heev rau kev xav txog cov nplej zom, raws li lawv tau siv hu ua macaroni. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau suav seb muaj pes tsawg hom nplej zom koj tuaj yeem yuav hnub no, thiab nws tsis yog ib txwm meej li cas nrog lawv. Xaiv ib qho muab tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub khw, koj tuaj yeem, nyeem nws lub npe Lavxias lub npe, tab sis qee zaus nws tsis yog lossis tus neeg txhais lus yuav tsis dhau. Yog li ntawd, me ntsis Italian obviously tsis raug mob. Lo lus pasta heev yog polysemantic zoo nkauj. Qhov no yog lub khob noom cookie, thiab cov uas muaj lub xeev pasty, thiab lub pasta nws tus kheej. Kom yooj yim nrog lawv paub, nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas ntau pab pawg uas zoo ib yam li koom ua ke.
Ntev ntev pasta - qhov no zoo li spaghetti los yog capellini. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau hnav lawv nrog kua ntses. Lawv tuaj yeem sau nyob rau "zes". Tus piv txwv ntawm cov neeg tsis muaj zog yog "spirals." Thiab qhov uas peb siv hu ua macaroni, yog, muaj hlua khau ntawm ntau qhov ntev, yuav ncaj ncaj li "plaub" thiab curved zoo li "horns." Cov minced meat yuav tsum muab cov nqaij los yog cov zaub sib tov sib xyaw kom sib ncau. Cov "ntau", "butterflies", "shells" yog cov cim tshwj xeeb uas lawv cais tawm hauv ib pawg nyias muaj nyias, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov chaw ntawm Italian cuisine : twb nyiam peb ravioli los yog ntau dua li peb cov pel'me tsis tortellini.Flat thiab dav noodles, lasagna (lasagna) - lub hauv paus rau lub npe tais diav.
Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv yog muag hauv qhuav daim ntawv. Lawv tuaj yeem muab cia rau ib lub sijhawm ntev heev. Nws tsis yog tias tsis muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyuaj nplej zom tau muab rau yav tom ntej siv thiab suav tias yog lawv cov khoom ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Tab sis tag nrho cov tib Pasta fresco, los yog tshiab pasta, yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog six. Niaj hnub no, cov nplej zom, thiab cov khw muag khoom txawv (Ltalis, Fabkis, Denmark) nyob rau hauv ib daim chilled los yog khov dej kuj tau yuav los ntawm peb. Nws tuaj yeem nrog lub filling (lasagna nrog spinach lossis ham, tortellini, capelletti nrog cheese, nceb) los sis tsis muaj (fetuccine-noodles) thiab ntxiv nrog cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib txawv (piv txwv li, lws suav los yog cream).
RAINBOW NYOB HAUV LUB TARELKE
Qee lub sij hawm koj tuaj yeem ntsib ntau yam khoom qab zib, uas txawm hu ua tshuaj ntsuab yog qhov nyuaj. Lawv tuaj rau peb ntawm Esxias lub teb chaws, qhov uas lawv tsis tau ua los ntawm cov hmoov nplej, tab sis los ntawm mov lossis soy. Noj cov "spaghetti" tsuas yog 1-2 feeb xwb. Cov neeg tsim khoom tawm tswv yim tseem muaj cov khoom qub, piv txwv li rye nplej los yog macaroni rau zaub mov noj nrog Yeluxalees artichoke. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, paste nrog additives yog nyob rau hauv zoo kawg thiab xav tau.
Muaj ntau yam xim rau hauv lub phaj yuav zoo siab, yog tias koj yuav ib qho khoom noj khoom qab zib. Bright crimson xim yuav muab nws zoo tib yam beet, liab - txiv lws suav los yog carrots, ntsuab - spinach los yog broccoli, thiab kuj txawv heev dub yuav tig tawm, yog hais tias number case dub cuttlefish yog ntxiv rau nws.
Yog tias koj nyiam "sharper", sim spaghetti nrog cov kua qaub. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov khoom uas muaj nyob hauv cov kua txob hlab - capsaicin - tiv thaiv cov roj ntawm lub cev. Tej zaum yog vim li cas nws yooj yim dua rau cov kiv cua ntawm Indian thiab Thai pluas noj kom sib haum xeeb? Txog cov pastas koj yuav tsis hais tias "lawv yuav liam kuv."
Qhov tseeb novelty yog cov organic macaroni. Lawv, zoo li lwm cov khoom "organic", yog muag hauv cov khw muag khoom kim heev thiab kim heev. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev sib luag sib luag hauv kev noj haus, uas zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg uas xav noj qab haus huv thiab them taus. Xws li cov nplej zom tsis muaj dab tsi superfluous. Feem ntau tseem ceeb, lawv yog los ntawm heev high quality hom qoob mog, uas yog zus tsis muaj chiv thiab tshuaj.
YUAV TSUM RECIPE
Daim ntawv qhia rau classic pasta yog yooj yim heev: hmoov nplej thiab dej. Tseeb, hmoov yog tshwj xeeb, macaroni, nrog gluten zoo, thiab dej tsis yooj yim, tab sis tshwj xeeb tu. Qee lub sij hawm lawv ntxiv cov qe. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov nplej zom tiag tiag yog ua los ntawm hmoov nplej ntawm hom khoom noj (Triticum). Thaum noj, lawv ceev nrooj thiab tsis txhob lo ua ke.
Txawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Peter kuv Italian Fernando qhia tawm rau ib tug Lavxias teb sab businessman lub pub leejtwg ntawm ua pasta. Thaum tig ntawm lub 19th thiab 20th centuries, Russia tau muab xaiv hom hnav hom hnav rau Ltalis. Muaj ntau lub npe hu ua "Taganrog" thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tab sis, hmoov tsis kawg, tom qab ntawd nws ploj lawm. Niaj hnub no, thoob plaws ntiaj teb, feem ntau yog mos nplej cog qoob loo. Tshaj tawm ntawm cov khoom siv nyiaj rau tsuas yog 5%. Feem ntau ntawm cov nplej zom nyob rau hauv Russia yog tseem tsim los ntawm dog dig bakery hmoov los yog nplej zom hmoov, tab sis tau los ntawm vitreous mos nplej. Qee cov kws txawj ntseeg hais tias niaj hnub siv cuab yeej ua rau koj txo kev sib txawv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov nplej zom thiab cov nplej hnyav. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Ltalis, Greece thiab Fabkis, nyob qhov twg tsuas yog muaj cai ntau yam raug cai raug tso cai rau raug txiav txim siab txawv.
Cov nplej hnyav muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv uas ua kom txoj hauv kev txhim kho zoo. Thaum nws yog grinded, ib tug loj hmoov yog tsim - nplej, uas yog siv rau ua qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm pasta, thiab semicred - rau thawj qib. Nplej case muaj carotenoid pigments, ua tsaug uas cov nplej zom tsis tsuas yog tau txais cov khoom tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj yog ib lub Hawj Amber ntxiag. Vim muaj protein ntau cov ntsiab lus thiab nws cov khoom, ib tus qauv tshwj xeeb yog tsim thaum lub caij ua noj ua haus, uas cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov protein pob. Yog li ntawd, ib qho me me ntawm starch kis mus rau hauv dej, thiab muab tshuaj txhuam retains nws cov duab.
Nutritionists hais tias los ntawm cov nplej zom ntawm cov hmoov nplej ua tsis zoo, koj tuaj yeem tsis zoo rov los. Qhov no yog ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Hauv 100 gram ntawm tshuaj ntsuab muaj tsawg heev rog, li 10% cov protein thiab ntau carbohydrates - 70-75%. Ntau cov carbohydrates tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias koj muaj txoj kev ua neej zoo heev. Piv txwv li, ua ntej txoj kev sib tw, cov neeg ncaws pob tuaj koom nrog cov tog neeg sib tw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kom rov ua haujlwm. Tab sis yog tias koj xav siv sijhawm ib hmo ntsiag to, feem no yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev txwv. Ntawm chav kawm, tus piv txwv ntawm Sophia Loren, uas laj mej pej xeem hais tias: "Kuv nyiam pasta" thiab tseem preserved kev zoo nkauj thiab lub cev, yog impressive. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov nplej zom tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws kev noj haus. Italians yeej ib txwm nyiam tsis tsuas pasta, tab sis kuj zaub, cheese, ntses, nqaij nruab deg thiab xim liab - feem ntau, txhua yam uas hu ua "Mediterranean noj". Ua hauj lwm spaghetti, lub hostess yuav nco ntsoov muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj txiv lws suav, txiv roj roj, dos thiab qej. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, ib ob peb sauces.
MUAB THIAB PESTO
Xaiv qhov no los yog cov kua ntses, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov txoj cai tseem ceeb: qhov luv thiab tuab nplej zom, cov thicker cov ntses yuav tsum. Ib qho ntawm cov tsoos tsho loj tshaj yog cov kab mob pesticide. Nws yog npaj los ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv qhov tshuaj khib nyiab tag nrho cov khoom xyaw kom txog thaum lub xeev uas siv tshuaj ntsuab. Thiab koj yuav tsum tau rau nws cov nplooj ntawm basil, olive roj, qej, parmesan cheese, Pine ceev. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tsis yooj yim los twv tias lo lus Lavxias "Kab Tsuag" thiab Italian lub npe ntawm cov sauce muaj ib qho keeb kwm. Pesto - cia "Kuv rub."
Lwm ntses nrov heev yog nqaij. Nws yog ua raws li ntawm minced nqaij, tau nrog txiv lws suav thiab liab cawu cub. Rau thawj lub sij hawm xws li ib tug sauce twb npaj nyob rau hauv Bologna, uas yog vim li cas nws yog hu ua Bolognese. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lws suav seasonings yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau hlub. Rau ib lub sij hawm ntev lawv tau kim thiab tsis muaj nqis. Nrov heev kuj yog carbonara ntses (nrog nqaij npua), aioli (nrog qej), kua ntses nrog nqaij nruab deg.
LUB SELF EXPERT
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab yuav thiab npaj tau ib qho khoom noj Italian tseeb hauv tsev, sau ob peb txoj cai.
- Nrhiav cov ntawv lo ntawm cov nplej zom: los ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm ntau hom. Nyob ntawm cov phom nyhuv lawv raug xa mus rau pawg "A", thiab los ntawm qhov muag muag rau pawg "B" lossis "B". Macaroni los ntawm cov kawm qib siab tuaj yeem raug xaiv los ntawm cov lus hais, semolina di grando duro, ntxiv rau qhia thiab cov qhab nia.
- Xav txog cov khoom ntawm pob (raws li txoj cai, nws tso cai rau nws). Nws yog qhov tseeb rau macaroni ua kom muaj zog (yuav tsum muaj tsis muaj crumbs), muaj ib qho monophonic, feem ntau yog kub-daj, xim thiab lub ntse ib qho.
- Xyuas kom tseeb tias qhov kev xaiv ntawd yog nyob hauv tsev. Qhuav pasta los ntawm ntau yam ntawm hnav hom qoob loo ntawm pob txha yuav tsum muaj lub iav ntsa, thiab los ntawm qhov muag muag - ntxhib. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ua noj ua haus, thawj tsis boil, lawv tsis tau tas ntxuav nyob rau hauv dej txias. "Unreal" tib lub pasta tuaj yeem tig mus rau hauv ib lub pob, thiab cov dej uas lawv raug welded, yuav tas ua turbid.
- Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los npaj cov nplej zom. Boil lub pasta nyob rau hauv ib tug loj volume ntawm boiling salted dej (lub niaj zaus piv ntawm 1:10), thaum lawv lawv nce nyob rau hauv volume los ntawm ib nrab. Lub sij hawm ua noj yog qhia rau ntawm lub ntim thiab nws txawv rau cov khoom siv ntawm ntau daim duab. Italians ntseeg hais tias nws yuav tsum tau pom nrog zoo raug, tshwj tsis yog tias koj tab tom npaj qhov muab tshuaj txhuam. Spaghetti thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntev yog raug raus dej hauv dej, ntawm chav kawm, yam tsis tau tawg lawv.
- Khaws lub pasta hauv nws lub hnab ntim rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav, kom deb ntawm cov khoom uas muaj ntxhiab tsw. Zoo dua txawm muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv ntoo (los yog rooj noj mov loj). Qhov kub yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 30 ° C. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem khaws cov nplej zom (hauv lub hnab ntim kab mob) txawm rau ntau xyoo. Yog li ntawd txaus siab thov cov neeg tsim khoom, tab sis yog vim li cas, thaum, zoo hmoo, nyob rau hauv lub khw xws li ntau yam!
Macaroni nyiam peb txoj cai. Thiab, peb tuaj yeem sib cam nrog cov lus ntawm zaj nkauj hais txog txoj kev hlub ntawm pasta - cia lawv hais tias lawv yuav liam kuv. Tsis txhob rhuav, tab sis pab khaws cov duab, noj qab haus huv thiab kev zoo siab ntawm lub neej.