Ib qho ntawm lub pob zeb zoo nkauj yog lub hlaws, uas yog muab rho tawm los ntawm lub qe ntawm ib co mollusks uas tshem niam txiv pearl. Lo lus niam-of-pearl yuav siv nws keeb kwm los ntawm nws. Perlmutter yog "niam pearls". Vim lub ingress ntawm txawv teb chaws teeb meem (nplej ntawm xuab zeb, thiab lwm yam) rau hauv lub plhaub ntawm mollusc, pearls daim ntawv. Ib ncig ntawm lub khoom, pib ntawm lub tso ntawm pearlescent txheej. Pearls tsis tsuas yog tsuas yog mined, tab sis kuj zus on ib industrial scale (tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Nyij Pooj). Rau cultivation ntawm khoom neeg tsim pearls, hlaws daig ntawm pressed shells yog muab tso rau hauv mollusks, ces lub mollusks rov qab mus rau dej. Npaj hlaws pearl yog muab rho tawm ntawm lub plhaub tom qab lub sijhawm. Txij li cov extraction ntawm ntuj pearls tau raug txuas ntxiv lawm txij li thaum xyoo 1952, feem ntau niaj hnub nim no muaj ib qho kev sib tham nrog cov pearls los yog cov khoom cua. Yuav ua li cas kom txawv cov pearls tiag tiag los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev?
Koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov pearls tiag tiag raws li nram qab no:
Qhov Loj:
nws nyob ntawm hom shellfish. Qhov loj dua qhov loj me, nws kim tshaj nws cov nqi. Cov pearl loj tshaj plaws 6 kg, ntev ntawm 24 cm thiab ib tug dav ntawm 14 cm - lub npe hu ua pearl ntawm Allah (los yog - lub Pearl ntawm Lao Tzu).
Tsab Ntawv:
ntuj pearls muaj ntau hom. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws daim ntawv yog kheej kheej. Nws kuj yog pearls thiab shapeless, uas yog hu ua "baroque".
Ci:
nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo. Pearl lub caij ntuj no muaj nyias txheej ntawm niam-ntawm-pearl, lub caij ntuj sov pearl yog thickest nrog tsawg dua glitter. Yuav kom soj ntsuam cov pearls, ci yog qhov tseem ceeb: qhov muaj zog qhov ci, qhov tseem ceeb pearl.
Xim:
feem ntau yog dawb, qee zaum muaj liab dawb thiab cream, tseem daj, ntsuab thiab xiav. Xiav pearls yog kim tshaj plaws thiab tsawg.
Nyob rau hauv ancient Russia, ib tug hmoov sib tov ntawm tshauv, crushed oak tawv thiab limestone twb siv rau polishing pearls. Cov ntaub ntub dej tau siv los ua kom tiav cov polishing.
Kho cov pearls
Kwv yees li ob txhiab xyoo dhau los, cov neeg Suav pib siv txoj kev ntawm kev coj kab lig kev cai lij choj. Yuav kom tau pearls zoo li no, lawv tso ntau yam khoom me me hauv lub plhaub nrog mollusc. Tom qab nkag mus rau hauv lub plhaub ntawm qhov khoom me me no, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pearl tsim pib: lub pob ntsej muag tau ntim cov khoom no nrog ib zaj duab xis ntawm niam-ntawm-pearl, ces dua thiab dua. Tom qab lub dab ntxuav tais hauv qhov nqaij npuav, thiab cov baskets raug txo qis rau hauv dej rau ib lub sijhawm (txij li ob peb lub hlis mus rau ob peb xyoos).
Nws ntseeg hais tias qhov loj-teev ntawm kev cog paj pearls tau pib los ntawm Japanese Kokichi Mikimoto. Nyob rau hauv 1893 nws muaj peev xwm muab pearls grown nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tus cuav. Yuav kom pearl ntawm Cociti, Mikimoto siv cov lus Suav thaum ub, tab sis tsis muaj lwm yam khoom me me rau hauv lub plhaub, cov hlaws ntawm niam pearl tau siv. Xws li pearls txawm tshwj xeeb yog nyuaj rau paub qhov txawv ntawm ntuj.
Txoj kev ntawm tau txais hluavtaws (khoom neeg tsim) pearls
Tsis tas li ntawd mus rau cultured pearls, lub ntiaj teb no yog dav tsim fake (hluavtaws) pearls. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas coj tau li ib tug cuav pearl. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv txoj kev yog lub zus ntawm hollow, nyias iav hlaws. Nyob rau hauv siab, pearls pumped rau hauv cov khoom, feem ntau lwm cov fillers kuj siv. Fake pearls yog txawv ntawm qhov hnyav tiag (lub cev hnyav zog) thiab nws txoj kev tawg taus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib daig iav npas tsim. Lawv tau them nrog dyes (zoo tib yam rau niam-ntawm-pearl) thiab txhim kho cov xim nrog kua roj vanish.
Vim yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub "hauv qab ntuj pearls" nws yog qhov nyuaj rau ntau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb kom paub qhov tseeb pearls los ntawm kev dag tsis muaj kev tshwj xeeb.
Qhov txawv ntawm no thiab fake pearls
Cov hau kev uas koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm lub ntuj tsim pearls raug muab faib ua ob pawg: "pej xeem" thiab "scientific".
Nrov kev:
- Ib qho yooj yim tshaj kom paub qhov txawv txav ntawm cov khoom cua (khoom cuav) yog tuav ib lub hlaws ntawm tus hniav. Lub hlaws tiag yuav ntsiag to tib lub sijhawm.
- Yog pearl tiag tiag ces muab pov rau ntawm ib qhov chaw ntawm qhov me me, ces vim nws lub siab ceev nws yuav dhia zoo li pob ntawm rooj ntaus pob (ping-pong). Cov khoom cuav (fake) pearls tsis tau muaj cov cuab yeej no.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem nqa ib daim ntawv ntawm cov duab ntawv, txiav ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv nws me dua li lub hlaws raug soj ntsuam. Muab ib lub hlaws rau hauv qhov taub thiab nqa ib daim ntawv ntawm cov duab los qhia rau lub teeb ci. Pearl ib haiv neeg tuaj yeem pom ib txheej txheej ntawm leej niam-ntawm-pearl thiab ib qho maub noob keeb.
- Muab ib lub hlaws ntawm kab lis kev cai hauv lub teb chaws electromagnetic, nws yuav tig thiab coj mus rau ib qho chaw, hos cov pearl tiag tiag yuav tsis tsiv.
- Muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias nyob rau hauv ultraviolet rays kab ke pearls ci ntsuab, thiab tam sim no - xiav.
- Ntes fake pearls yuav, tom qab kuaj los ntawm 10-fold magnifier qhov nyob rau hauv pearls (yog muaj) thiab discovering sib cais ntawm cov tub ntxhais thiab txheej txheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm nyias, tsaus nti strip. Koj yuav nkag siab hais tias koj muaj kab ke pearls nyob rau hauv koj lub xub ntiag. Kev soj ntsuam lub qhov nyob rau hauv kab cultured pearls feem ntau pom chipped, vim hais tias nws yog softer tshaj ntuj.
Cov kev kawm:
- Lub duab xoo hluav taws xob ntawm cov pearls coj los qhia meej meej tias cov qhab ntawm cov tub ntxhais thiab cov txheej txheej. Yog tias tsis muaj ib qho keeb, ces muaj kab noj hniav hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hlaws. Yuav luag txhua qhov kev tshwm sim uas peb tau siv cov qauv ntawm cov duab hluav taws xob.
- Thaum immersed nyob rau hauv ib lub kua, ceev 2.7, ntuj pearls tsis txhob tog, tsis zoo li ib tug tsis muaj tseeb.
- Cultured thiab tiag tiag pearls nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj saib ib qho scaly nto, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm fake ones, ib tug saum npoo.