Compost.
Cov qoob loo yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv rau hauv tsev tshaj plaws. Tab sis nws cov reserves yog xyoo ib xyoo tsawg zuj zus, thiab cov nqi nce nqi. Nyob rau hauv no txuas, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau nrhiav kev pheej yig analogues. Ib txoj kev los daws qhov teeb meem yog siv lwm cov khoom siv organic. Piv txwv - compost. Substrate rau paj los ntawm compost tsis tau ua kom hloov peat. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog xav tau. Nrog compost, koj yuav txo tau lub peat muab tub lim los ntawm 20%. Thiab thiaj li, thaum tib lub luv nqi txiav, optimizing tej yam kev mob rau cov paj cog qoob loo.
Ntxiv rau cov nyiaj khaws tseg, kev siv cov substrate los ntawm nplooj lwj solves teeb meem ntau rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab cov tswv tsev ntawm cov tsev ntiav. Piv txwv, nws yuav pab muab pov tseg cov organic pov tseg rau ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj txiaj ntsim rau kev ua lag luam thiab khoom noj. Composting tsis muaj cov nqi ntxiv kom muaj kev hloov cov nyom, cov nplooj poob, cov zaub thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiav rau hauv cov nplais thiab tawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem mus rau yav tom ntej cov nroj tsuag.
Qhov ntxiv ntawm compost muaj ib tug ua hauj lwm zoo rau cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ntawm lub substrate rau lub lauj kaub thiab lub thawv cov qoob loo. Tus txheej txheem ntawm nws cov kev npaj yog txuas nrog kev ua si ntawm aerobic av microorganisms, uas decompose complex organic tshuaj ua yooj yim cov sawv daws. Cov kev sib tshuam redox muaj feem xyuam rau kev tsis nyab xeeb, xws li kub thiab muaj oxygen, yog li lawv yuav tswj tsis tau.
Yog tias tsis muaj sijhawm lossis muaj siab rau compost, koj tuaj yeem yuav npaj tau. Piv txwv li, compost, tau raws li ib qho ntawm kev ua si ntawm worms, nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog liab Californian worm. Lub vermicompost tau nrog kev pab los ntawm worms, tsis zoo li niaj zaus, yog ntau ruaj nyob rau hauv nyob rau hauv composition thiab "npaj" sai dua. Ib pawg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv University of Ohio (USA) tau ua pov thawj tias cov khoom ua rau cov noob nroj tsuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog paj nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv nws cov cawv, biomass nce, kev txhim kho zoo. Cov kev pom zoo ntawm cov paj yog tshwj tseg txawm tias muaj kev thauj mus los ntev heev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tau los ntawm ntxiv 10-20% vermicompost mus rau lub substrate. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, muaj tsis muaj yuav tsum tau fertilize paj nyob rau hauv lub tsev nrog pob zeb hauv av chiv.
Qhov kev txiav txim no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm cov kev muab tshuaj ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom lag luam. Nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv substrate nrog vermicompost tsim ntau zoo dua li nyob rau hauv substrate yam uas tsis muaj nws, tab sis nrog tib theem li ntawm cov as-ham. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim yuav ploj thaum uas ua rau lub nruab nrab qaub ncaug thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab txawm tias ntxiv nrog lwm cov roj teeb.
Av nplaum.
Av nplaum yog lub pob zeb tho pob zeb. Nws tau ntev siv nyob rau hauv poov tshuaj-substrate substrates, tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws cov khoom siv. Av nplaum yog nplaum heev, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj heev kom sib npaug faib rau hauv ib qho dej ntawm substrate. Yog li ntawd, cov av nplaum yog lub hauv av thiab tsuas yog tov nrog purified dub peat kom tiv thaiv clumping ntawm nws ib qhov me me. Qhov no semi-tiav khoom yog siv nyob rau hauv av mixtures rau cyclamen, me me-flowered chrysanthemums, thiab lwm yam. Clay retains dej zoo thiab pab nws absorption. Thaum tsuas yog 5% ntawm cov av nplaum ntxiv, qhov dej haus yog ob npaug. Tab sis thaum nws absorbs dej tsawg dua peat sib tov.
Av nplaum muaj ib qho me me tsis pom zoo, yog li ntawd, nrog pob zeb hauv av hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus, nws cov adsorbs them zoo rau ions ntawm ammonium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus. Cov ntsiab lus yuav luag tsis ntxuav tawm nrog dej thiab siv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag maj mam, raws li tsim nyog. Tab sis nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account hais tias tej yam ntawm av nplaum yog xav tau rau paj cov qoob loo.
Txiv maj phaub fiber.
Txiv maj phaub fibers ho txhim kho cov nyhuv capillary ntawm substrate rau xim thiab nws lub peev xwm nqus dej. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov txiv maj phaub fibers muaj cov nyhuv zoo rau txhua qhov kuaj ntawm cov paj qoob loo. Ua ntej, qhov txawv ntawm moistening ntawm Upper thiab qis txheej ntawm substrate nyob rau hauv lub paj lauj kaub txo, uas favorably cuam tshuam qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub keeb kwm - lawv yog evenly faib thoob plaws hauv lub ntim. Secondly, kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ceev vim lub ze ze ntawm keeb kwm nrog ib tug moist substrate, txawm coarse-grained (nyob rau hauv lub tom kawg lub Upper txheej dries tawm sai dua, uas yog, cov tub ntxhais hluas keeb kwm nyob rau hauv nws). Thirdly, vim yog lub zoo capillary zoo, lub ziab ntawm txheej txheej qis dua considerably. Vim li ntawd, lub stems yog zoo tsau nyob rau hauv cov av. Qeb plaub, nws yog qhov yooj yim dua irrigate ntau substrates, txawm tshaj-qhuav peat, uas yuav pab kom loj hlob zoo paj. Nrog lub impossibility ntawm li niaj zaus, txiv maj phaub fibers yog nce siv rau cov qoob loo loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av, qhov twg cua thiab lub hnub sai sai qhuav av.
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm substrate los ntawm pathogenic microorganisms.
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev tsis muaj kev txawj ntse nrog kev pab los ntawm kev nkag tau cov kab mob hauv lub cev yog ib qho kev qhia tshiab hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog, piv txwv li, ntawm cov ntxhiab daig. Ib tug tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntawm loj floriculture tau ib txwm tau suav hais tias yog lub siab tshaj plaws sterility. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov kab mob feem ntau tshwm sim txawm tias tag nrho cov kev mob ntawm kev loj hlob paj tau pom. Piv txwv li, Pythium thiab Phytoftora tau zoo heev rau cov kev mob ntawm hydroponics thiab ua rau loj hlob zoo rau cov tsis muaj kev nqhis. Feem ntau lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kab mob, ua kom tsis zoo, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog siv tau raws li kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas.
Niaj hnub no ntau xim yog them rau ib tug tshwj xeeb microflora, uas suppresses pathogenic microorganisms. Hauv cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb koj tuaj yeem yuav lossis txiav txim tau cov yeeb tshuaj uas sib ntaus nrog ntau cov kab mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Thiab ua ke ntawm txawv microorganisms yog zoo dua li siv ib hom. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los coj mus rau hauv tus account txoj kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog hais tias tus pathogen nkag los ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm kev daws teeb meem, ces nws yog useless mus ua npaj nrog ib tug zoo microflora nyob rau saum npoo ntawm substrate. Yog li, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi substrate koj siv paj rau hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum muaj kev paub ntau ntxiv, nyeem cov ntawv nyeem tshwj xeeb, thiab mus sab laj nrog txog tej paj ntoo cog qoob loo kom loj hlob zoo zoo paj.