Dab tsi yog qhov ua rau mob cancer hauv cov me nyuam, thiab yuav ua li cas tshem tawm cov kab mob no, xyuas hauv tsab xov xwm hais tias "Oncological disease ntawm cov me nyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas."
Ntawm cov theem pib, cov kabmob hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis txaus ntseeg, muaj teebmeem rau kev kuaj mob. Nws yog vim li no tias nws tseem ceeb ua luaj rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev mob nkeeg ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas. Cov niam txiv yuav tsum ceev faj kom saib xyuas tus me nyuam thiab ua tib zoo saib rau txhua qhov kev ceeb toom uas yuav qhia tau tias tus mob. Cov teeb meem kev ceeb toom no muaj xws li: qaug zog, mob taub hau, tsis muaj qab los, kub cev, mob pob txha, tsis muaj mob, thiab lwm yam. Qhov zoo ntawm tus me nyuam tuaj yeem hais qhia koj tias nws txawv li cas ntawm lwm tus. Qhov no ua rau kev sib cais, tus me nyuam tsis xav mus kawm ntawv. Qhov kev txhawb nqa kev xav rau tus me nyuam thiab nws tsev neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau qhov no. Yog tias tus mob qog nqaij hlav, tus kws kho mob xa tus neeg mob mus kuaj ntshav, xoo hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam kev kuaj ntxiv.
Oncological kab mob
Leukemia (leukemia). Ib ntawm cov kab mob oncological feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab tub ntxhais hluas, uas suav txog 23% ntawm tag nrho cov qog nqaij hlav. Ntawm cov no, kwv yees li 80 feem pua yog cov neeg mob qog ntshav qab zib (ALL), uas pib nyob rau hauv pob txha hlwb pob txha (lymphocytes), uas poob lawv lub qub yam ntxwv thiab ua rau tig qog hlwb (lymphoblasts). TXHUA YAM
Tus menyuam yuav tsum paub dab tsi txog nws tus mob?
Qhov teeb meem no yog qhov kev sib cav ntawm rhuav tshem. Ntau tus kws kho mob xav kom piav qhia txog tus me nyuam txog dab tsi tshwm sim kom tsis txhob to taub, tawm tsam kev ntshai thiab kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntxiv. Muaj qee zaus, niam txiv yuav tsum xaiv lub sijhawm zoo rau kev sib tham, txiav txim siab txog yam twg thiab piav qhia tus menyuam li cas, txiav txim siab seb puas tsim nyog xav tau kev pab lossis kev txhawb nqa, thiab cov menyuam yaus tshaj 6 xyoo. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog li no, nws tsis yooj yim rau tus menyuam kom to taub tias nws tus mob los yog kev kuaj mob txhais tau li cas, yog li cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau tu nws thiab piav tias qhov no tsis yog rau txim thiab tus me nyuam tau ua tsis muaj dab tsi. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog li no, me nyuam yaus thiab tub ntxhais hluas feem ntau txhawj xeeb txog kev sib cais los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv, thiab kev mob thiab tsis xis nyob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tus me nyuam xav tias nws muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab tuav tus cwj pwm zoo: cuam tshuam nws nrog cov khoom ua si thiab lwm yam khoom zoo nkauj, sim ua kom muaj huab cua nyob hauv tsev kho mob (koj tuaj yeem coj tau qee yam ntawm koj tus menyuam chav pw), ua si nrog nws, qhuas nws tus cwj pwm zoo thaum lub caij kuaj thiab kho mob. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 7-12 xyoos. Lawv twb pib nkag siab tias lub xeev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv nyob ntawm cov tshuaj, kev kuaj mob thiab kev siv ntawm tus kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo. Tiag mas lawv paub hais tias lawv muaj mob, thiab to taub dab tsi ua rau, piv txwv li, cov plaub hau poob. Cov niam txiv thiab cov txheeb ze yuav tsum ua siab ncaj teb txhua tus lus nug ntawm tus me nyuam, ua kom nws muaj kev lom zem, lom zem, sim seb nws lub cev muaj zog npaum li cas rau tus me nyuam, muab kev sib tham nrog cov phooj ywg, cov phooj ywg, kwv tij thiab muam.
Cov menyuam muaj 13 xyoos. Cov hluas muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev sib raug zoo, lawv to taub tias tus kab mob no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv ntawm lawv tus kheej txoj kev ua neej. Kev xav tsis zoo li txhua tus neeg hauv lub hnub nyoog no yog mob siab heev, rov qab mus rau tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem txuam nrog kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab. Tus tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsum koom nrog kev txiav txim siab thiab tham txog nws tus mob, yog li thov nws kom nws lees, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tus me nyuam tus kheej lub neej thiab txawm tawm hauv nws tus kheej nrog tus kws kho mob. Qhov kev nkag siab ntawm kev lom zem tuaj yeem pab tshem kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tsis ntseeg nyob hauv koj lub zog. Rau cov laj thawj, tsis yog-Hodgkin's lymphoma yuav pom tias yog qog nqaij hlav cancer. Hodgkin tus kab mob feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau cov hluas thiab yog ncaj qha ntsig txog tus kab mob Einstein-Barr. Ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob oncological, qhov twv ntawm txoj kev kho rau Hodgkin tus kab mob yog cov nyiam tshaj plaws.
Kev kho mob
Rau kev kho mob cancer ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab tub ntxhais hluas, feem ntau cov kev pab cuam phais, kws khomob, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Ib hom kev kho mob feem ntau yog siv tsis zoo, yog li lawv tau ua ke. Chemotherapy yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas muaj feem xyuam nrog cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau lub cev, thiab yog li ntawd, cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb thiab cov nqaij. Cov cwj pwm no piav qhia txog cov cwj pwm ntawm cov kws kho mob: cov plaub hau ploj, qhov mob txhab ntshav, mob plab, xeev siab, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai - thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam - tshua xws li ib sab phaus (myelosuppression) (txo cov qe ntshav hauv cov pob txha). Vim li ntawd, lub cev tsis muaj zog cov hlwb, tshwj xeeb yog cov ntshav liab thiab platelets. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev kho cov kws khomob, cov menyuam yaus yog cov tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov me nyuam yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntshav ntxiv yog tias lawv muaj anemia, los yog thrombomass, yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntshav. Kev siv hluav taws xob (X-ray txoj kev kho) feem ntau siv nrog lwm hom kev kho mob. Thaum nws cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav raug puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kev tswj hwm muaj hwj chim loj.
- Tag Nrho Lub Hlwb. Lawv yog cov benign los yog malignant, qhov kev kuaj mob thiab kev kho mob nyob ntawm seb lub hlwb uas lawv originated, as Well as qhov chaw ntawm tus mob, nws loj me, lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus me nyuam, thiab lub xeev xwm txheej ntawm kev noj qab haus huv.
- Neuroblastoma. Tus mob no, feem ntau kuaj pom hauv thawj xyoo ntawm tus me nyuam lub neej, pib hauv kev xav hauv lub paj hlwb thiab nws nyob hauv txhua qhov ntawm nws qaum txha, hauv siab los yog hauv siab plab, tab sis feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub caj dab neeg adrenal. Nws presses rau ntawm qaum, weakens lub nqua, cuam tshuam lub functions ntawm sphincters.
- Retinoblastoma. Qhov mob khees xaws ntawm qhov retina tsis yog li ntawd, tab sis yog qhov ua rau kwv yees li ntawm 5% ntawm tus neeg mob qhov muag tsis pom. Yuav kuaj tau ua ntej lub hnub nyoog 5 xyoo, qhov ua kom rov zoo dua yog qhov tsim nyog, tab sis qhov kev kuaj mob, kev kho mob, thiab qhov kev muaj feem cuam tshuam qhov muag pom raws li seb tus kab mob kis tau zoo npaum li cas.
- Neuroblastoma (Wilms qaub). Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau ib lossis ob lub raum, feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2-3 xyoos. Nws suav txog li ntawm 10% ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav rau cov menyuam yaus, feem ntau tus kab mob yog tus kab mob.
Dua li ntawm txoj kev kho siab, qhov mob cancer tseem nyob ntawm ob qhov chaw tom qab muaj xwm txheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau ua rau me nyuam yaus nyob hauv cov teb chaws tsim.
- Osteosarcoma. Ib hom kab mob feem ntau ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas. Nws feem ntau pom nyob rau ntawm cov pob txha ntev (tibia, femur) thiab hauv thaj av ntawm lub hauv caug.
- Ewing lub sarcoma. Qhov thib ob feem ntau tom qab osteosarcoma yog ib qho mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov pob txha. Feem ntau cuam tshuam rau femoral, tiam sis kis tau mus rau lwm cov pob txha thiab rau hauv cov ntsws.
- Rhabdomyosarcoma. Feem ntau pom muaj sab nraud cov pob txha. Nws ib txwm muaj feem xyuam rau cov leeg, nws suav rau 4-8% ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv cov menyuam yaus.
Tus menyuam muaj mob yuav nug tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li mob siab mus pw tom tsev kho mob, vim nws hnov tias nkees heev thiab feem ntau mob ntawm qhov mob, vim li cas thiaj li muaj ntau yam kev kuaj mob thiab lwm yam. ntawm kev kho mob. Tiam sis txhua qhov teeb meem tshwj xeeb yog, niam txiv tus kheej yuav tsum txiav txim siab li cas thiab yuav ua li cas qhia tus me nyuam. Tam sim no koj paub tias hom kab mob cancer me nyuam yaus thiab tub ntxhais hluas yog dab tsi.