Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog lub sijhawm cog cov qoob loo tshiab, cov nroj tsuag thiab cov ntoo hauv koj lub vaj. Nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov coj txawv txawv hais tias muaj coob tus neeg muaj ntau cov lus nug nyob rau hauv nqe lus no. Piv txwv li: Yuav ua li cas kom raug cog seedlings? Yuav ua li cas paub txog uas stocks cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag tau muab kabmob: dwarfish, semi-dwarfish los yog siab? Yuav ua li cas tsis yuav yuam kev nyob rau hauv kev xaiv ntawm seedlings? Tag nrho cov lus nug muaj ntau txoj hauv kev thiab yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm kom zoo, vim tias nws yuav ua siab ntev yog tias koj tos ob peb xyoos rau ib qho qoob loo, thiab koj tau txais yam koj xav tau.
Rootstocks
Muaj clonal thiab seminal Tshuag. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov noob growers xav txog cov noob stocks, uas yog tau los ntawm cov noob nroj tsuag, uas yog raug rho tawm los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov ntoo hav zoov. Txawm li ntawd los, feem ntau nyob rau hauv nurseriesuse lub noob antonovok rau ntau seedlings. Kev paub los ntawm cov kws txawj loj hlob seedlings ntawm noob los yog pits. Ntseeg cog ntoo loj hlob zus ntawm cov ntoo ntawm cov tsiaj qus los ntawm cov tsiaj qus, semi-ntsias - rau ntawm cov noob qoob loo ntawm Suav, thiab ntsias ntawm cov noob ntoo ntawm Shedekker. Yog hais tias koj xav kom loj hlob ib pear, ces tus saplings zus on seedlings yog zus on ib tug hav zoov pear, thiab dwarf cov sawv daws yog zus on seedlings ntawm quince.
Clone rootstocks yog propagated by means of broods, tsis yog cov noob, xws li cov stocks yog nrov nrog breeders nrog tshwj xeeb agrotechnics thiab tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob rau loj hlob ib lub vaj. On clonal keeb kwm, cov ntoo tsis loj heev ntev, tsuas yog 12-14 xyoos. Thaum lub hnub nyoog kaum, lub ris tsho pib yws thiab ua mob heev. Yog hais tias xws li ib tug tsaws yog industrial, ces nws yog uprooted.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv seedlings?
Sim kom kis tau seedlings los ntawm gardeners nrog ib tug zoo lub koob npe nrov, leej twg paub lawv cov lag luam zoo, paub qhov txheej txheem zoo thiab paub uas chiv zoo tshaj plaws siv rau koj climatic thiab av cheeb tsam. Yog hais tias lub seedlings twb zus nyob rau hauv loj nurseries, ces sim kom zam lawv, vim hais tias feem ntau qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv yog muab tso rau kev muag khoom. Thaum koj pib xaiv cov tsim nyog seedlings, tshwj xeeb mloog yuav tsum tau muab rau cov keeb kwm: yog hais tias hauv paus yog on ib tug txiav hauv maub xim, ces no seedling tsis yog rau koj. Nws tau khaws cia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm thiab poob tag nrho nws lub zog rau lub neej. Ib co deciduous cov ntaub ntawv ntawm rootstocks muaj peev xwm muaj crimson paus ntoo. Yog hais tias lub hauv paus yog them nrog ib tug lobe uas hlob nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus central axis, ces qhov no yog ib clone rootstock los yog lub hauv paus-owning seedling (ntau ntawm no seedlings yuav pom nyob rau hauv plums thiab cherries). Yog hais tias hauv paus muaj ob peb skeletal ceg, thiab tus nqi ntawm lobe yog me me, ces qhov no yog ib tug noob Tshuag.
Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau ua zoo saib ntawm tua. Yog hais tias koj xaiv ib tug pear, ces nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj dub dots thiab swellings on bark - qhov no qhia tias sapling hlob scab. Yog hais tias koj tau xaiv los xaiv cov noob seedlings, ces koj tsis pub bark me me thiab cov kev nyuab siab dub, txwv tsis pub koj yuav yuav mob cancer ntawm sagenetszarny. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov, yog hais tias lub seedling tsis muaj ib qho kev loj hlob muaj zog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm chiv raug qhia mus rau hauv lub chaw zov me nyuam. Tseem muaj qee cov cim, ua tsaug uas koj tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab xim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas yav tom ntej. Feem ntau, yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj grayish ci xim ntsuab, ntsuab hlav, ces lawv yog cov tswv ntuj ntsuab thiab daj, tab sis yog hais tias cov me nyuam muaj ib ploj zais ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov no qhia tau tias cov xim yuav liab. Yog hais tias koj xaiv ib tug plum, ces pom lub xim ntawm nws cov tua. Maub liab ntshav tua pom zoo tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav xiav xiav yog hais tias tus tua daj yog daj, grayish los yog greenish, uas txhais tau hais tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav muaj sib dua ntxoov. Yog hais tias koj xaiv ib tug pear, ces nws yuav yooj yim dua rau koj los txiav txim siab cov xim ntawm yav tom ntej txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog hais tias cov me nyuam yug tawm ntawm horny daj los yog lub teeb xim daj, ces cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav daj, yog hais tias tus tua yog grey-ntsuab los yog ntsuab, ces cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav ntsuab, zoo, thiab yog hais tias tus tua yog reddish, ces pears lawv tus kheej yuav muaj ib tug ci blush.
Tam sim no hais tias peb tau txiav txim siab rau kev xaiv ntawm seedlings, nws yog lub sij hawm mus ncaj qha mus rau cog. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm los sib tham txog qhov teeb meem ntawm fertilizing seedlings thiab txawm tham txog kev npaj ntawm ib lub vaj.
Internodes thiab ob lub raum
Yog hais tias lub noob yub muaj cov pob zeb loj thiab cov ntim luv luv, ces, feem ntau, qhov no tsob ntoo yuav loj hlob zuj zus, tab sis yub nrog cov tawv nqaij nyuaj siab thiab lub vas sab ntev tau pib tuaj yob txiv hmab txiv ntoo sai li sai tau. Lub seedlings, uas tau bent uneven tua nrog loj protruding buds, yuav luag txhua tus pib pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo sai sai. Ntxiv mus, seedlings ntawm pears, uas originate los ntawm ceev ceev-loj hlob ntau yam, txawm nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm ib tug twb muaj ceg nyob rau qis ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Saplings, uas muaj ntev ncaj tua nrog me me, submerged buds, yuav pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo lig.
Tsaws
Thaum koj tau txais cov ntoo, koj tsuas yog cog zaub kom zoo xwb. Lawm tshaj plaws, feem ntau gardeners paub hais tias yog lawv cog ntoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg muaj tsis tau ib lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings yuav pib sai sai thiab zoo, thiab lawv tseem yuav coj loj, huv si thiab six txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tab sis yog tias, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cog ntoo hauv qhov chaw uas cov ntoo muaj ib txwm loj hlob, yuav muaj qhov siab ua rau cov ntoo loj hlob tuaj, pib mob thiab nws muaj peev xwm ua rau lawv tuag tag.
Tag nrho cov no yog vim li cas rau tus kheej-lom ntawm cov av: lub neej txhua hnub cuam tawm ntau yam tshuaj mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb uas tsis decompose, lawv accumulate atoll. Tag nrho cov no siv rau cov nroj tsuag ntawm tib hom. Piv txwv li, yog tias ob peb xyoos hauv kab tshoob kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob ntawm ib qho chaw thiab lawv tau noj vim li ntawd, thiab cov ceg ntoo tshiab yuav tsum cog rau tib qhov chaw, lawv yuav tsis zoo. Lub cog qoob loo yuav raug txiav thiab pib mob taub hau, tab sis yog tias koj cog ib plum ntawm thaj av no, ces nws yuav loj hlob thiab zoo dua. Yog hais tias qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus kua ntoo yog cog plum los yog Cherry, nws yuav zoo dua nyob rau hauv no av txawm tshaj li nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg dawb huv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los mus txuas ntxiv vaj tse vaj tse.
Yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam lub sij hawm ntawm tsaws. Txiv Ntoo Bushes thiab cov ntoo tuaj yeem pib cog ib qho chaw ruaj khov hauv cov av ntawm 10-15 Cuaj hlis thiab txuas ntxiv cog qoob loo tau tsawg kawg tsis pib khov. Thaum peb cog cov ntoo hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, feem ntau cov neeg cog qoob loo tseem muaj nplooj uas yuav tsum tau txiav tawm nrog txiab thiab tsuas yog cov petioles yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg lub ntiaj teb freezes tsis tshua muaj thiab winters feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no nws tseem tau cog ntoo, lawv yuav tau txais zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws twb tau pib cog seedlings los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub ob hlis ntuj, ntawm chav kawm, yog hais tias cov av tsis khov thiab tau txuas ntxiv kom txog thaum xaus ntawm lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Nws yog tsim nqi them sai sai rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog on nroj tsuag muaj yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav blossoming nplooj. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xav cog ntoo nyob rau hauv Tej zaum, ces khawb tawm lub yub ua ntej thiab xa nws mus rau ib qhov chaw txias txias qhov twg nws yuav nyob ntsiag to nyob.
Fertilizer
Ntau tus neeg xav hais tias ua ntej cog los yog nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev, cog cog yuav tsum tau sau nrog pob zeb hauv av thiab cov organic chiv. Kev paub gardeners cam hais tias thaum cog, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm tsis muaj fertilizer yuav coj nyob rau hauv, vim hais tias qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau lub usefulness ntawm cov ntoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias thaum cog tsis tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob sai sai ntawm tsob ntoo, tab sis hais tias cov nroj tsuag yog zoo tsim. Thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li rau tsob ntoo mus rau paus paus nws tsis xav tau tej yam chiv, rau lub hom phiaj no tsuas yog lub noo noo ntawm cov av thiab tus kheej Internes reserves yog tsim nyog. Ntxiv mus, yog hais tias muaj nutrient nyob rau hauv cov av, ces cov keeb kwm tsim sai. Fertilizers yuav tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob tsob ntoo ntawm cov kab mob, tab sis lawv tseem yuav pib thaij rau hauv cog cog, slugs, moles thiab wireworms, thiab lawv muaj peev xwm ua puas lub keeb kwm.
Qhov teeb tsa ntawm lub vaj
Cov ntoo yuav tsum tau cog rau ntawm ib qho chaw nrug, nyob ntawm seb lub hauv paus, ntau yam thiab cheeb tsam ntawm lub vaj uas npaj.
Feem ntau cov ntoo yuav tsum tau muab cog ntawm ib qho ntawm 3-4 meters ntawm txhua lwm yam.
Rau cov txiv pear thiab cov ntoo, 1 meter nqus dej tsaws tsoo yuav tsum npaj; rau ib tug tig, plum, roob tshauv, Cherry thiab hiav txwv-buckthorn - 0.6 m; rau gooseberries, quince ntawm Japanese, currants thiab ua qauv siv - 0,5 m.