Meningococcus yog ib hom tshuaj microbe heev, thiab nyob thoob ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws tsim, nws tau tshaj tawm tias muaj rog tshaj 10 xyoo dhau los, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam ntawm 2 lub hlis. Hauv Russia, cov niam txiv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus menyuam ntawm nws tsuas yog rau lawv qhov pib xwb. Pneumococcus lub hom phom yog nasopharynx, nruab nrab pob ntseg thiab lub ntsws. Ib xyoos twg, cov tshuaj microbe tua 1 lab 600 txhiab leej, 800 txhiab ntawm lawv - me nyuam yaus mus txog 2 xyoos thiab 200 txhiab - me nyuam yaus ntawm 2 txog 5 xyoos. Tus mob kis tau los ntawm cov kab mob plav. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb yog cov menyuam tuaj zov menyuam, kindergarten thiab ib lub tsev kawm ntawv theem qis. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau xyoo thiab sawv tom qab tsis tuaj yeem mob hypothermia los yog overheating, kev ntxhov siab, kev poob plig los yog thaum muaj mob khaub thuas.
Cov pab pawg yuav raug
Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws rau pneumococcus yog rau cov me nyuam yau dua 2 xyoos. Cov kab mob sib txawv ntawm nws cov txee rau hauv cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Nws muaj ib qho mob uas muaj zog ntawm polysaccharide, uas tsuas yog lub cev tsis muaj zog ntawm ib tus neeg laus tuaj yeem tiv thaiv. Txij li thaum tus me nyuam muaj kev tiv thaiv pib thaum pib, nws tuaj yeem tsis tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Qhov thib ob, cov me nyuam yaus yog cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob sai, thiab qee zaum qhov suav tsis mus hnub, tab sis sijhawm.
Kev tsim txom loj
Pneumococcus tuaj yeem ua rau ntau hom kabmob, qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai ntawm lawv - mob ntsws meningitis thiab sepsis. Lawv yog cov uas tsim txom cov me nyuam uas muaj hnub nyoog 2 xyoos. Hauv cov menyuam loj, los ntawm qhov ua txhaum ntawm tus kab mob no, otitis (o ntawm qhov nruab nrab pob ntseg) thiab qhov ntswg (qhov mob ntawm lub qhov ntswg) feem ntau tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, mob plab ntsws los ntawm pneumococcus yuav luag txhua zaus thiab feem ntau ua rau cov ntshav liab. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua kom tiav lag ntseg nrog qhov kev txiav txim yav tom ntej thiab kev xav hauv hlwb. Vim yog qhov mob pneumococcal feem ntau cov khaubncaws sab nraud rau qhov mob khaub thuas, nws nyuaj rau cov niam txiv thiab cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem paub txog nws tus cwj pwm tsis zoo: kub cev thiab mob khaub thuas. Ua kom paub tseeb tseeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom dhau txoj kev ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws cov kev ntsuas no tsuas yog siv cov kev mob hnyav xwb. Lwm qhov teeb meem: dhau los 10 xyoo dhau los no, cov tshuaj microbe no tau tsim muaj kev tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Kev khaws tshuaj, cov kws kho mob tej zaum yuav siv ob peb hnub.
Cov cim tseem ceeb
Nws yog qhov tsis yooj yim los qhia qhov txawv ntawm pneumococcal los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm rau ntau yam kev mob tshwm sim. Cia peb sim ua peb cov mob loj tshaj. Cov mob ntsws ntsws (Pneumoconia) los ntawm pneumococcus yog qhov ua rau cov menyuam yaus tshaj 5 xyoos. Lwm hom mob ntsws muaj qee yam kuj tsis zoo, tab sis qhov no feem ntau mob khaub thuas. Lawv yuav txawv li cas? Nrog mob khaub thuas los yog txias, yog hais tias tus me nyuam tau xau qhov kub, nws plays, nkag, khiav, noj mov nrog kev ntshaw. Nrog rau kab mob kis, nws pw ntau, pw tsaug zog ntev ntev, ua rau nws qaug zog, tsis kam noj. Muaj qee cov tsos mob ntawm kev qaug zog (muaj ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm co toxins uas microbes secrete): daim tawv nqaij ntawm tus me nyuam pom cov pales. Tab sis ib qho kev pom tseeb ntawm pneumonia yog qhov ua tsis taus pa, uas tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, qhov siab kawg rau hnub thib 2. Meningitis, qhov mob ntawm lub paj hlwb, ua rau muaj ntau yam microbes. Hauv cov menyuam yaus txog li 1 - 2 xyoos, tus kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm pneumococcus thiab hemophilic pas nrig, hauv cov me nyuam loj - meningococcus. Meningitis yuav luag tsis dhau uas tsis muaj kab, thiab nws cov kab mob pneumococcal feem ntau tawm ntawm tus menyuam tsis taus. Cov kab mob multiply nyob hauv cov meninges, thiab vim nws npog tag nrho lub hlwb, qhov lesion tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob txhua qhov chaw. Yog tias kis tau tus kab mob optic, nrog qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws, qhov muag dig muag yog tias pob ntseg tsis hnov lus. Lwm cov kev tsim txiaj yog kev lag luam hauv psychomotor txoj kev loj hlob, uas tuaj yeem paub ob peb xyoos tom qab tus kab mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov menyuam uas tau muaj tus kab mob pneumococcal meningitis thaum muaj hnub nyoog hauv tsev kawm ntawv raug kev txom nyem, tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb, thiab txawv ntawm cov phooj ywg uas tsis tshua tau zoo. Hloov cov teebmeem - kev ua txhaum ntawm kev nco, qhov muag pom ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua pob, ntse, piercing thiab quaj heev txhawj quaj (kos npe tias tus menyuam muaj mob taub hau heev). Cov menyuam mosliab txog li 6 lub hlis nws tsis tuaj, vim hais tias nyob rau lub hnub nyoog thermoregulation no tshwm sim txawv dua li cov laus; nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus, nws feem ntau nce mus txog 40 C. Tus kab mob nqaij ntshiv, feem ntau ua rau mob staphylococci thiab streptococci, feem ntau pneumococcus, E. coli thiab lwm yam microbes Thaum ib txwm nyob hauv cov ntshav, cov kab mob cuam tshuam tag nrho cov nruab nrog cev thiab lub tshuab, thiab yog tias tsis nyob rau lub sijhawm Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov ua rau lub cev, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tuag, tab sis tus kab mob no tsis tshua muaj, thiab tsis yog txhua tus neeg muaj tus kab mob no, qhov no yog txhua yam nyob ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm lub cev thiab lub cev. Mob qaug tshuaj ntawm lub cev, tawv nqaij ntawm av nplaum (grey-yellow) xim.
Txoj Cai Riam phom
Txoj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kis kab mob pneumococcal yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thawj thawj zaug yuav tsum ua li 2 lub hlis. Nws raug ntseeg tias lub sijhawm no tus menyuam raug rho tawm los ntawm "niam txiv kev tiv thaiv", uas nws tau txais thaum lub sijhawm xeebtub. Yuav kom instill tus me nyuam nws yog ua tau thiab tom qab, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd qhov ua tau zoo yuav txo sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Yog tias koj xaiv "lub tswv yim zoo" uas npaj kev tiv thaiv ntau tshaj, cov kws kho mob yuav txhaj tshuaj rau ob theem: pib ntawm 2 lub hlis, tus me nyuam yuav txhaj 3 koob tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm 1-1.5 lub hlis, thiab qhov kawg ntawm xyoo ob ntawm lub neej thaum muaj 15 los yog 18 lub hlis. Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nws yog ib qho kev kuaj kom kuaj: tso quav tso zis thiab tso ntshav kuaj, qhia tus me nyuam rau tus kws kho mob thiab cov kws kho mob, kom tsis txhob qhaj ntawv ntev, vim tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ncua sij hawm ib ntus. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab mob pneumococcal yog kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tsis ua mob, tab sis tag nrho vim hais tias nws tsis ua tsis raug, uas yog, "ua pauj". Raws li kev txheeb cais, nyob rau hnub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov kub nce tawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 5-10%, thiab lub tshav kub yog yooj yim knocked cia los ntawm paracetamol. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ua ke nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm National Calendar. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj rau tus me nyuam tib hnub li txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob diphtheria, pertussis thiab tetanus (DTT), kab mob siab B. tus mob poliomyelitis thiab lwm yam kab mob. Lwm qhov tsis tuaj yeem ntxiv rau ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tias nws tua tau cov kab mob "tsaug zog". Yog tias koj muab tus me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog laus zuj zus, nws yuav tsis ua tus cab.