Raws li txoj cai, yog vim li cas rau lub suab ntawm cov hniav yog:
- ntog deg (pigmentation, tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj yej, kas fes, kev haus luam yeeb, kev kho hniav);
- hloov hnub nyoog;
- xim hloov vim yog dentine uas siv los ntawm lub pulp chamber sab.
Nyob rau hauv cov no, lub voj voog yog yuav tsum tshuaj dawb. Kev ntxhov siab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov kev mob ntawm cov hlab ntsws ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov hniav (hypoplasia, fluorosis, "tetracycline" cov hniav) thiab kev kaj siab ntawm tus hniav. Kev sau thiab cov ntaub ntawv txuag khoom (cov khoom ntsaws ruaj ruaj, cov khoom ua si, ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam) tsis tuaj yeem dawb. Tshuaj tiv thaiv hniav dawb tuaj yeem nqa ob qho tib si hauv cov chaw kho hniav (kev tu cev), thiab hauv tsev. Kev txhim kho hniav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Cov txheej txheem yog ua los ntawm ib tug kws kho mob tshwj xeeb: lawv suav cov kev tshem tawm cov pigment deposits, cov hniav nyiaj hniav nyiaj thiab tshuaj dawb nrog cov tshuaj acids thiab peroxide compounds (hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide nyob rau hauv daim ntawv gels). Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav hydrogen peroxide thiab carbamide peroxide decompose nrog tso tawm ntawm oxygen, uas oxidizes organic tshuaj nyob rau saum npoo ntawm tus hniav txha, muab cov nyhuv ntawm tshuaj dawb. Ntxiv rau, oxygen tiv thaiv kev tu tub tu kiv ntawm cov tshuaj microflora ntawm cov quav hniav (plaque), uas pab rau kev tshem tawm ntawm halitosis. Thaum nqa cov txheej txheem rau cov hniav ntxuav hniav dawb, remineralizing therapy los yog fluorine lacquer tuaj yeem siv tau. Txhim khu cov paj ntaub, lub teeb thiab cov hluav taws xob laser siv tau.
Qhov kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej rau cov hniav ntxuav hniav dawb tom tsev yog nyob ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm cov xim npau npoo. Rau qhov kawg no, nyob rau hauv cov composition ntawm bleaching cov neeg ua hauj lawm, kho thiab prophylactic tshuaj yog qhia:
- pab txo cov quav hniav ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm cov hniav (triclosan, chlorhexidine, hexitidine, thiab lwm yam) (cov nyhuv los tiv thaiv kab mob);
- maj mam cia cov txheej txheem ntawm mineralization ntawm cov quav hniav, uas yog, tig mus rau hauv cov nqaij nyoos (zinc citrate, pyrophosphates, thiab lwm yam);
- txhuam nrog kev tu tsev tu (sodium bicarbonate nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj hmoov thiab cov tshuaj txhuam hniav nyob ntawm calcium hauv paus). Thaum silicon abrasives raug siv hauv kev tswj cov khoom siv txhuam hniav nrog kev kho kom zoo, RDA qhov kev ntsuas tau siab tau 75 - (siv rau txhua hnub) thiab 200 - (siv ib zaug - ob zaug ib hlis);
- cov roj ntsha cov kua uas muaj protein ntau hauv cov quav (papain). Cov khoom siv rau hauv tsev ntxuav hniav dawb, piv txwv li, ib co tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab cov tshuaj pleev ntxhw uas muaj carbamide peroxide, kuj muaj. Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim polymer nrog hydrogen peroxide tshuaj bleaching gel yog siv rau lawv, uas yog siv rau cov hniav ib hnub ob zaug rau 30 feeb, thiab lwm yam.
Lub hom phiaj - tu cov hniav cuav uas tshem tau tawm. Cov hniav cuav yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer. Lawv nto muaj ib lub qauv microporous uas tsim los ntawm muaj cov aav ntawm unpolymerized monomer. Tom qab tso lub cev rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, nws qhov chaw npog nrog lub pellicle - lub microfilm tsim los ntawm glycoproteins ntawm qaub ncaug. Nyob rau ntawm qhov microporous ntom ntawm cov kab mob hauv protthesis yog tsau thiab microbial plaques thiab mineralized deposits tuaj yeem tsim ua ke nrog rau ntawm cov hniav. Lub qhov muag ntawm qhov no yog qhov ua txhaum cai ntawm cov hniav cuav: Cov ntxhiab ntawm cov mineralized yog cov xim kasfes, tshuaj yej, luam yeeb, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv rau qhov microflora tsim rau cov tshuaj tivthaiv tuaj yeem ua rau ua tsis taus pa, ua rau txob thiab mob ntawm lub qhov ncauj, thiab kuj cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg mob vim yog nqus tau thiab hnoos. Nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog cov foregoing, cov kev kho hniav ntawm cov hniav uas tshem tau yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tsim nyog ntawm cov hniav hauv qhov ncauj.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev ntxuav hniav cuav:
- tu vaj tu tsev;
- tshuaj ntxuav tu;
ua ke txoj kev.
Kev kho hniav txhua tus hniav cuav yog tsim tshwj xeeb ob tog txhuam hniav, txhuam tsis txhuam thiab dej. Distinctive nta ntawm ob sab txhuam hniav yog: muaj cov bristles ntawm nyias qhov ntev ntawm ob sab ntawm tus txhuam hniav, txhuam loj loj thiab muaj zog dua ntawm qhov bristles piv rau txhuam rau npaj cov hniav. Qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov txhuam nrog zigzag txhuam nrawm yog tsim rau txheej txheem sab nraud ntawm txoj cai, ib qho me me ntawm qhov txhuam txhuam - kom ntxuav sab hauv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm qhov ncauj. One-sided brushes thiab txhuam txhuam, tsim rau kev kho kev kho hniav ntawm cov hniav, txawv ntawm cov pas txhuam hniav thiab txhuam nrog qhov muaj zog nruj thiab qhov loj dua.
Tshuaj ntxuav tu cov hniav cuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua hauv ntau hom tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob antimicrobial, detergents (cov tshuaj deg deg), cov kabmob ua haujlwm, cov tawv thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab. Cov kab mob antibacterial, sodium hypochlorite, acetic acid, oxidizers (perborate), etc. yuav siv tau. Cov kabmob (trilon B) yog tsim los tshem cov mineralized deposits ntawm cov txheej txheem. Cov xab npum txhawm rau ua kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov hluav taws xob sab nraud. Cov tshuaj silicone polymers tuaj yeem nkag tau rau hauv cov khoom muaj pes tsawg tus txhais tau tias siv tshuaj ntxuav kev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tsim tau ib zaj duab xis nyias nyob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob, uas tsis pub cov adsorption ntawm cov kab mob. Kev txhais tau tias cov tshuaj ntxuav hniav ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav hniav yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj effervescent (lub ntsiav tshuaj dissolves nyob rau hauv cov dej uas tso tawm cov npuas roj carbon dioxide los yog oxygen) los yog kua. Cov hniav cem yog qaug tshuaj hauv 10-20 feeb. Tus neeg sawv cev rau kev siv tshuaj ntxuav hniav ntawm lub cev yog kev pom zoo los ntawm tus kws kho hniav, suav cov khoom siv ntawm qhov khoom siv thiab tus neeg mob qhov ncauj ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm qhov kev npaj. Tam sim no peb paub tias dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hniav ntxuav hniav dawb.