Melanoma yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom mob cancer. Tsawg dua lwm hom mob khees xaws, tab sis txaus ntshai. Melanoma feem ntau mob cov tawv nqaij, tab sis tuaj yeem muab metastases thiab kis rau cov pob txha thiab cov hauv nruab nrog cev. Hom mob cancer rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog ze li tsis pom. Txawm li cas los xij, qee tus poj niam tseem peer ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv cov cim yug, sim xav tias lub melanoma ntawm lawv lub ntsej muag. Cov poj niam zoo li no yuav pab tau kom paub txhua yam uas tau tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no.
Cov kev qhia ntxov
Qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm melanoma yog hloov ntawm qhov loj me, cov duab los yog xim ntawm cov nevus, thiab lwm yam pigmented qhov chaw mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, piv txwv li, lub hnub yug. Rau qhov kev hloov chaw, koj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ib lub sijhawm (txij li ib lub lim tiam rau ib hlis). Yog xav txhim kho, koj siv tau txoj cai ABCDE. Nws yuav pab kom ntsuam xyuas cov kev hloov hauv cov ntawv tawv nqaij rau koj thiab tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb. Yog li, ABCDE txhais hais tias:
- "A" (Asymmetry - asymmetry). Qhov kev hloov ntawm asymmetric kev loj hlob, thaum kev loj hlob yog ntau tshaj qhia los ntawm ib co kev ntug ntawm nevus.
- "B" (lus Askiv txhav irregularity). Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus ntug ntawm cov nevus, piv txwv li, kev xav, ragged, qhov muag plooj, thiab lwm yam.
- "C" (Hmong xim - xim). Ib lub qauv rau qhov uas tseg tau lub nevus. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm melanoma tuaj yeem pom los ntawm heterogeneous pigmentation, muaj tag nrho cov ntxoov ziab (ntawm lub teeb xim av dub). Tej zaum muaj cov xim dawb, liab, xiav impregnations, uas muab cov pigmented nqaij ntawd pom meej heev. Xws li hloov pigmentation, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kis tawm ntawm cov ntug ntawm cov nevus mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib puag ncig, kuj pom tias yog kev qhia ntxov ntawm melanoma kev loj hlob.
- "D" (lub cheeb - inch, qhov loj). Kev loj hlob ntawm pigmented qhov chaw mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav tsum alarming. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog qhov pigmented chaw los yog cov nevus nce nyob rau hauv loj los ntawm ntau tshaj 0.6 cm los yog, piv txwv li, mus rau qhov loj ntawm lub lwv ntawm mem hluav.
- "E" (evolution - evolution, nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab ntawm kev loj hlob). Cov kev hloov hauv qhov loj thiab zoo, cov tsos mob ntawm cov tsos mob tshiab (mob lossis khaus khaus), qhov tseeb ntawm qhov mob ntawm lub cev, los ntshav, hloov cov xim ntawm cov nqaij pigmented tej zaum yuav muaj cov cim qhia ntawm melanoma.
Cov hauv qab no tau pom zoo raws li cov cim qhia ntawm melanoma:
- Taw los yog thickening ntawm lub saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm nevus, uas yog yav tas los ca.
- Cov kev hloov hauv cov qauv nta, piv txwv, qhov muag pom yaig, kev sib tw, los ntshav.
- Los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib puag ncig tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv kev hloov liab liab, o, me me pigment me me, ib puag ncig lub qhov txhab loj, hu ua satellite pigmentation.
- Kev tshwm sim hauv zos yog txo kom khaus, tingling lossis hlawv.
- Nws muaj peev xwm hloov lub siab ncaj ncees, sib xws, piv txwv, softening los yog fragmentation mus rau hauv me me pieces, qhov chaw uas yooj yim sib cais, qhov zoo li ntawm friability.
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm melanoma tuaj yeem ua rau tus nevus uas twb muaj lawm los yog lwm cov nqaij pigmentation ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tab sis nws yog ua tau kom mob cancer loj hlob thiab tsis muaj ib lub tseem fwv. Melanoma tuaj yeem tsim ib qho ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tab sis feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau sab nraub qaum rau cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej thiab ntawm ob txhais ceg nyob rau qis dua ib nrab ntawm tib neeg. Cov kis ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm melanoma rau ntawm xib teg, qaum, ntsia thawv txaj, nyob rau hauv cov hnoos qog ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, qhov quav, qhov chaw mos, anus tau piav qhia. Cov neeg laus laus yog cov uas nws nyiam tsim melanoma ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag. Nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej laus dua, lawv qhov chaw nyob yog nyob ntawm lub caj dab, ntawm lub taub hau thiab txawm lub paj hlwb.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qee qhov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij muaj cov kev tshwm sim zoo sib xws nrog melanoma. Cov kab mob xws li mob ntses, seborrheic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma.
Lub caij pib ntawm melanoma
Cov cim qhia ntawm melanoma muaj xws li:
- los ntshav ntawm cov nevus thiab cov xim pigment, tawv nqaij kua muag ntawm lub tsev ntawm lawv qhov chaw;
- mob nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm melanoma.
Metastatic melanoma muaj cov tsos mob tsis zoo, xws li: kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog ntshav qab zib, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub puab tais thiab qhov tsos nqaij daim tawv, qhov muag tsis muaj xim thiab pigmented seals nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij, hnyav heev, melanosis (grayed tawv), hnoos ntev ntev (mob nyhav, mob taub hau.