Niaj hnub no peb xav qhia rau koj txog ib tug txiv neej zoo ntawm xyoo 19th. Tus me nyuam txawj sau ntawv Charlotte Bronte yeej ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Muaj tseeb fame coj nws tus tshiab "Jane Eyer". Ib ntu me ntsis, nws tham txog qhov nyuaj txoj hmoo ntawm tus me nyuam hauv lub ntiaj teb neeg laus.
Kev tsim kho ntawm cov menyuam yaus txawj sau ntawv Charlotte Bronte yog ib qho kev tshwm sim zoo thiab tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho lus Askiv tseem ceeb heev.
Tus ntxhais ntawm ib tug pluag thiab muaj ntau tus pov thawj, Sh. Brontë nyob tag nrho nws lub neej (1816-1855) hauv lub zos Yorkshire. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov menyuam txom nyem, nws tau txais kev kawm ntau dua, tab sis tsis tu ncua nws thoob plaws nws lub neej nrog nyeem ntawv thiab kawm lus. Nws txoj kev ua neej yog txoj hau kev ntawm ib tus neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, ib qho tawm tsam kev nyuaj siab thiab kev txom nyem. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm nws niam thiab ob tug viv ncaus, nws tseem yog tus hlob nyob hauv tsev thaum nws tsuas muaj cuaj xyoos xwb. Yuav kom nws tau txais nws txoj sia, nws raug yuam ua tus cev rau lub sijhawm rau ntawm lub tsev muag khoom lub tsev thiab nws tus kheej tau ntsib txhua qhov kev tsim txom uas nws hais lus outrageously nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus heroines ntawm nws novels.
Leej txiv ntawm Charlotte nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas tau luam tawm ntau cov ntawv sau txog nws cov paj huam. Muam Charlotte, Emily, tau sau phau ntawv "Wuthering Heights", thiab tus viv ncaus Anna, ob phau ntawv, tab sis cov novels muaj zog tshaj li Charlotte thiab Emily. Lawv tus tij laug tau npaj los ua ib tug kws kos duab. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, lawv sawv cev cov kwv huam thiab novels, thiab tsim ib phau ntawv sau npe. Hauv xyoo 1846, cov viv ncaus tau luam tawm ib phau ntawv sau txog cov kwv huam ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tab sis, txawm yog cov txuj ci, lawv lub neej yog qhov hnyav heev.
Cov me nyuam tau ua tiav nruj hauv tsev neeg, tsis txhob muab kev nyiam rau nqaij. Lawv cov zaub mov yog Spartan feem ntau, lawv tau hnav khaub ncaws nyob hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti. Leej Txiv Charlotte txhawj xeeb txog yav tom ntej ntawm cov ntxhais. Nws yog tsim nyog los muab kev qhia ntawv kom lawv muaj peev xwm, yog tias tsim nyog, ua tus tswj kav lossis cov xib fwb. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1824, cov viv ncaus ntawm Charlotte tawm mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv pheej yig nrog lub rooj tsavxwm hauv Cowan Choj: Maria thiab Elizabeth. Ob peb lim piam tom qab, 8-xyoo-laus Charlotte, thiab tom qab ntawd Emily.
Nyob hauv Cowan Bridge yog ib txoj kev kuaj nyuab rau Charlotte. Nws tau tshaib plab thiab txias heev. Ntawm no nws thawj zaug savored ntawm kev tsis txaus siab. Nyob hauv nws lub qhov muag, Sadistic cem cem Maivliag, uas ua rau tus xib hwb tsis mob siab, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab tsis ua hauj lwm.
Lub sophisticated, tyrannical phem thiab fleeting noj sai sai coj mus rau ib tug tragic kawg. Thaum lub Ob Hlis Ntuj, Maiv Lauj tau xa mus tsev, hauv lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj nws tuag. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws yog Elixanpes txoj kev tig, leej twg tseem muaj mob tsis zoo.
Tam sim no muaj peb tus viv ncaus, tab sis tau ua raws li hais tias Emily thiab Ann tau tsim lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb "dual" lub union, thiab Charlotte tau los ua kom ze rau Branwell. Ua ke lawv pib tshaj tawm ib phau ntawv tom tsev rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, kev kos duab los ntawm Blackwood Magazine. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim ntawm cov ntxhais rau Patrick Bronte tseem tsis tau daws, tab sis tam sim no nws yog neeg xav paub ntau tshaj thiab xav muab Charlotte, uas yog tus hlob nyob rau hauv tsev neeg, mus rau ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm. Xws li yog Rohed School of Wooler cov viv ncaus. Cov nqi them nqi kawm ntawv tseem ceeb heev, tab sis tus vaj tswv Charlotte tuaj rau tus cawm, thiab, nrog ib lub plawv, tus vajtswv tus poj niam sab laug rau Rowhead.
Charlotte seemed coj txawv txawv rau cov ntxhais. Tab sis tag nrho cov no tsis tau kho kom zoo rau kev kho siab rau thiab tsis pom zoo Charlotte nrog kev hwm, vim hais tias nws ua qauv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab lub luag haujlwm. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua thawj tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis txawm tias nws tsis yog qhov chaw nyob.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1849, cov viv ncaus thiab kwv tij ntawm Charlotte tuag ntawm tuberculosis, thiab nws tseem nyob nrog tus txiv tsev laus thiab mob. Nws tsis yog yooj yim rau ib tug neeg pluag thiab tsis pom kev ntawm ib thaj av uas nyob deb mus punch nws txoj kev rau hauv ntawv nyeem. Nws thawj thawj zaug, Tus Xib Fwb (1846), tsis tau txais los ntawm ib tug neeg tshaj tawm. Tab sis ib xyoos tom qab luam tawm ntawm zaj dab neeg "Jane Eyre" (1847) yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwm sim hauv lub neej ntawm cov lus Askiv. Lub bourgeois nias kom tawm tshiab vim yog kev ntxeev siab, tiam sis nws yog tus ntsuj plig no ntxeev siab uas ua rau tus neeg sau ntawv lub npe paub dav thiab nkawv hauv cov voj voog. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm phau ntawv "Shirley" (1849), tag nrho cov neeg Asmeskas paub lub npe Kerrer Bell - lub pseudonym uas nyob hauv Sh. Brontë tso tawm "Jane Eyre". Kerrer Tswb yog ib tug txiv neej lub npe, thiab rau cov neeg nyeem ntev ntev tsis paub hais tias ib tug poj niam tau nkaum tom qab nws. Tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum mus rau kev dag ntxias, vim nws paub tseeb tias cov neeg siab phem lus Askiv bourgeoisie yuav txwv nws ua haujlwm vim lawv tau sau los ntawm ib tug poj niam.
Bronte twb muaj qee qhov kev paub hauv qhov hwm no: txawm ua ntej qhov kev sau ntawm cov sau nkauj, nws tau xa ib tsab ntawv thiab nws cov paj huam rau tus kws sau ntawv Robert Southey. Nws hais rau nws tias kev sau ntawv tsis yog poj niam txoj haujlwm; ib tug poj niam, hauv nws lub tswv yim, yuav tsum nrhiav kev txaus siab hauv tsev neeg thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam. [2.3, 54]
Tom qab Shirley, Bronte tau sau ntawv xov xwm "Vilette" (1853), uas nws tau hais txog nws tus kheej nyob hauv lub nroog Brüksel, uas nws tau kawm thiab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev cia siab qhib nws lub tsev kawm ntawv. Cov tuam txhab hauv bourgeois Askiv yuav muab tus kws sau ntawv nrog ntau dua kev ywj pheej. Tab sis lub tswv yim ntawd yeej tsis tau paub.
Nyob rau hauv Russia, kev ua haujlwm ntawm S. Bronte yog paub txij thaum 50-xyoo ntawm XIX caug xyoo. Txhais tag nrho nws cov novels tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhua hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab; ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb heev devoted rau nws.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nrov yog qhov tshiab ntawm Sh. Bronte "Jane Eyre". Lub neej zaj dab neeg ntawm Jane Eyre yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov ntawv kos duab, tab sis lub ntiaj teb ntawm nws cov kev paub txog puab nyob ze ze ntawm Sh. Brontë. Cov lus piav qhia, uas yog los ntawm tus neeg ntawm tus heroine, nws yog ib qhov tseeb uas yog xim ntsuab. Thiab txawm hais tias Bronte nws tus kheej, tsis zoo li nws tus heroine, uas tau paub txhua qhov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm menyuam ntsuag thiab lwm tus neeg lub khob cij los ntawm nws thaum yau, loj hlob hauv tsev neeg, nws tus kwv tij thiab cov viv ncaus - nws zoo nkauj, nws, zoo li Jane Eyre, tau teem caij kom tau tag nrho nws cov txheeb ze .
Bronte tau tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb caug-cuaj, muab nws tus kwv thiab muam / tus muam ntxias ntxaug, thiab tsis pom kev lom zem ntawm kev sib yuav thiab niam tsev, uas nws tau pub txiaj ntsim nws tus heroine zaj lus.