Mexican cactus prickly pear

Lub genus Opuntia (Latin Opuntia Mill.) Muab faib tawm hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam ntawm Canada mus rau South Argentina, tsis xam thaj chaw sov. Cov cwj pwm no muaj txog 200 tus neeg ntawm tsev neeg cactus. Lawv xav cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv savannas, ntoo thuv-juniper forests, deserts thiab semi-deserts. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lawv muaj peev xwm raug pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Caucasus. Lub teb chaw ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov pears prickly yog Mexico, yog li lawv feem ntau hu ua Mexican cacti.

Feem ntau cov txiv neej pick prickly tsis bloom nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam roomy. Tab sis yog tias koj cog lawv hauv cov tub loj loj thiab coj lawv tawm mus rau lub vaj zaub thaum lub caij ntuj sov, hloov cov paj yooj yim nrog luv liab, daj, dawb los yog txiv kab ntxwv ntawm daim nplooj ntawv. Stamens yog luv luv, lawv yog twisted thaum kov. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo, haum meaty nrog lub teeb noob. Noob muaj ntsis zoo ib yam li cov lauj kaub. Vim hais tias ntawm ossified plhaub ntawm noob, lawv germination yog tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm cov European kev nyab xeeb.

Opuntia muaj ib qho amazing feature: los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov tshiab tua thiab paj tau tsim. Qhov tshwm sim no yog hu ua proliferation.

Cov lus qhia tu

Evolutionary cactus prickly pear yog yoog rau qhov kub tob tob thaum nruab hnub, raws li nws hlob nyob rau hauv semi-deserts, on roob slopes thiab nyob rau hauv lub steppes.

Teeb pom kev zoo. Nyob rau sab hauv tsev, tus Mexican cactus ntawm tus txiv neej prickly yuav tsum muaj teeb pom kev zoo thiab nkag tau rau cov huab cua ntshiab. Nws hlub lub teeb ci ncaj qha, tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau shading. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws teeb pom kev zoo rau cov cacti yog qhib cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qab teb sab qab teb los yog sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. Lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm cov qhov rais ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm pear prickly nyob rau sab qaum teb lub qhov rais ua rau poob ntawm ntuj tsos vim tsis muaj lub teeb: cov nroj tsuag yog ntseeg tau ncav us txog, tsis Bloom. Yuav zam tau qhov no, nws raug pom zoo los nruab ib lub teeb pom kev zoo. Tom qab lub caij ntuj no, thaum muaj ob peb hnub, nws yuav tsum maj mam cog cov nroj tsuag mus ncaj qha tshav ntuj thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Thaum exposing lub pear prickly mus rau qhib cua, ua zoo dev tom ntawm sunburn. Thaum tsim buds, nws tsis pom zoo los hloov txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag, vim qhov no yuav ua rau kom poob ntawm paj.

Kub regime. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, prickly pear prefers ib tug kub nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 25-35 ° C. Yog hais tias nws yog tsis tau pom qhov nroj tsuag qhib cua, chav yuav tsum feem ntau yuav tsum ventilated. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg huab cua sov nws kub qis los npaj lub cactus rau lub sijhawm so. Thaum lub sij hawm so, lub prickly pear yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb, tab sis txias thiab qhuav qhov chaw.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog:

Kev ua tiav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj no, vim tias huab cua sov ua ke nrog tsis muaj lub teeb yuav tsis pub lub txiv pear prickly mus rau lub sij hawm so thiab yuav ua rau lub lag luam tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis zoo.

Watering. Opuntia yog ib lub cactus uas yuav tsum tau muab ywg dej kom ntau thaum lub sij hawm sov so rau lub xyoo, ua kom paub tseeb tias lub cij ntsej muag cij pluav tag nrho ntawm cov dej. Nws yog pom zoo rau dej hauv qab no, yog li ntawd cov dej ntws tsis poob rau ntawm lub qia ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas ua rau ntsaws ntawm pores nrog calcareous ib qhov me me. Qhov no ua rau ib qho ua txhaum cai ntawm kev ua pa thiab ua rau lub plhaub hle. Nyob rau hauv heev tshav kub watering yuav tsum tau txo. Txij li thaum lub metabolism ntawm cacti nyob rau hauv lub hnub yog tshem tawm, thiab nyob rau hauv thaum yav tsaus ntuj yog tag nrho rov qab, nws yog pom zoo kom dej nroj tsuag tom qab 17 teev. Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn-lub caij ntuj no lub sij hawm, cacti yog nyob rau hauv ib tug so lub sij hawm, thiab watering lawv yog tsis tsim nyog, tsuas yog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas cacti. Cov cim qhia ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub cactus xav tau kev ywg dej yog qhov poob ntawm lub turgor thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub nyem ntawm qia. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo muab cov nroj tsuag me me ntawm dej. Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv 10 ° C thiab qis dua tus pear prickly yog tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm absorbing dej. Watering nyob rau ntawm no kub yuav puas tsob nroj. Thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij no, thawj zaug kev ywg dej yog siv tawm zoo siv me me dej. Ua li no, nws yuav tsum zoo defended thiab me ntsis acidified nrog citric acid - nyob rau hauv lub xam ntawm 0.5 teaspoon ib 7 liv dej.

Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij loj hlob, tus Mexican cactus yuav tsum tau pub ib hlis ib zaug, siv tshwj xeeb chiv rau cacti. Tsis xav kom muab pub rau hauv lub sijhawm so kom tsis txhob muaj kev loj hlob. Nco ntsoov hais tias nyob rau hauv pob zeb hauv av chiv rau cacti, tus nqi ntawm nitrogen yuav tsum sib txheeb ze rau lwm yam, vim hais tias ntau nitrogen provokes decay ntawm keeb kwm. Ua raws li cov nram no: N (nitrogen) - 9, P (phosphorus) - 18, K (potassium - 24) Kev siv cov organic chiv tsis pom zoo.

Kev sib hloov. Lub sij hawm hloov pauv yog xaiv ib tus zuj zus thiab nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm hom thiab cov kev mob ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Lub sijhawm zoo yog thaum lub cactus "pours" thiab tau loj hlob tuaj. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv muaj buds on prickly pears, hloov yuav tsum muab ncua kom txog rau thaum xaus ntawm flowering. Cov menyuam yaus cacti raug pom zoo los hloov txhua lub xyoo yog tias tsim nyog, cov laus neeg laus - txhua 3-4 xyoos. Nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tsum tau hloov ntawm av qhuav, dhau mus, rau hauv ib qho qhuav. Tom qab hloov ntshav, thawj kev ywg dej tsuas yog 5-7 hnub. Qhov xaiv ntawm av yuav tsum tau kho nrog mloog. Nws yuav tsum txaus noj, zoo permeable rau cua thiab noo noo, muaj ib tug pH nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 4.5-6. Cov sib tov ntau zaus siv rau cacti yog tsis haum, txij li nws ua rau inhibition ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm prickly pear. Nws yog pom zoo kom siv ib tug sib tov ntawm sod thiab nplooj ntoos lub ntiaj teb nrog xuab zeb thiab weathered av nplaum nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 2: 1: 1. Ib qho zoo nuance yog ntxiv rau substrate ntawm ib me ntsis charcoal los yog qub plaster, tom kawg yog siv feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm qub prickly pears.

Luam. Lub vegetative txoj kev ntawm pear prickly yog multiplied by rooting cuttings. Cov cuab yeej ntawm noob kev luam tawm yog tsis zoo tsim. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias tua germinate unevenly thiab loj hlob heev maj mam, tab sis tib lub sij hawm lawv txaus sufficiently loj thiab resilient.

Pests: mealybug, scab, kab laug sab mite, whitefly.