Av
Cov av ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov nroj tsuag. Ua tsaug rau microflora ntawm cov av thiab cov organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv uas nkag mus rau nws, nws yog hloov mus ntxiv. Nws cov qauv hloov, kev muaj peev xwm tuav cov av qeeg. Cov av yuav tsum tau suav hais tias tsis yog raws li cov khoom tsis muaj tseeb, tab sis raws li muaj sia nyob. Cov khoom ntawm cov av nyob ntawm seb cov dej hauv qhov dej uas nws tau tsim, los ntawm cov kab mob, cov kab mob thiab cov tsiaj uas ua rau lub zwj ceeb ntawm cov organic teeb meem uas tau nkag mus rau hauv nws, los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm nws, thiab kuj los ntawm tej yam kev mob.
Ntau lub vaj thiab tsev lub tsev ua rau cov kev cai xav tau rau cov khoom thiab cov khoom zoo ntawm cov av. Ib co paj loj hlob thiab loj hlob zoo rau cov av nrog tsis zoo tshwj xeeb zoo. Thiab lwm tus, nrog rau feem ntau, muab zoo xav tau nyob rau hauv cov av. Rau cultivation ntawm paj, heev hnyav av nplaum xau, on uas, tom qab los nag los yog watering, dej yog ncua rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, tsis haum tsis thawj kev txhim kho. Thiab tseem txias, Sandy thiab stony xau, nyob rau hauv uas xuab zeb thiab pob zeb prevail.
Council rau kev saib xyuas ntawm paj: Nco ntsoov kom tsis tu ncua loosen cov av. Loos cov av pab tswj kom ya raws hauv nws. Rau qhov zoo dua, nws cov khoom siv physico-chemical hloov, nws cov dej-cua tsoom fwv zoo tuaj yeem thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob ntau dua. Kuj kuj ua rau cov dej, cua thiab thermal regime. Av qoob loo contributes rau cov kev cai ntawm cov kev ua si tseem ceeb ntawm microorganisms, uas yog tsim nyog rau cov transformation ntawm cov as-ham rau cov khoom assimilated los ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Cov Fertilizers
Cov ntxhia thiab cov organic chiv, muaj ib qho los yog ntau dua as-ham hauv siab, nws ua tau kom av fertility sai sai. Thiab, qhov thiaj li, pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tsev xim. Nyob rau hauv essence, pob zeb hauv av chiv yog yooj yim, tov, ua thiab concentrated. Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm pob zeb hauv av chiv yog tias nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj rau kev thauj lawv thiab yooj yim dua mus ua kom paub cov av dua li cov organic.
Nitric chiv siv ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate thiab urea. Ammonium nitrate muaj 33-34% nitrogen, yog li nws yog hais txog concentrated chiv. Qhia tawm hauv cov av, nws ua kom yooj yim heev thiab ua ceev nrooj. Nws yuav luag tsis hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov av, yog li ntawd nws yog siv rau fertilization ntawm ob qho tib si alkaline thiab nruab nrab xau thiab qaug zog acidic xau. Ammonium sulphate dissolves zoo nyob rau hauv dej. Muaj li ntawm 20% nitrogen. Siv cov ammonium sulfate txuas ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub teeb xau, ua rau lawv lub cev. Yog li, yog tias koj pom tias cov acidity ntawm cov av nce, txiv qaub lossis pob txha noj yuav tsum muab ntxiv rau nws. Los yog fertilize nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog lwm cov pob zeb hauv av chiv uas neutralize qhov teeb meem los ntawm ammonium sulfate. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ammonium sulfate ua ke nrog quav tsiaj kuj tiv thaiv av nkos. Urea (carbamide) yog cov concentrated ntau nitrogen fertilizer. Muaj 46% nitrogen.
Phosphate chiv . Feem ntau, thaum siv cov xim tsev, hmoov txhuam thiab granulated superphosphate yog siv. Powdered superphosphate yog ib tug ceev ceev-ua fertilizer thiab txawv nyob ntawm phosphorus cov ntsiab lus. Granular superphosphate muaj 20-22% phosphorus thiab muaj lub cev zoo dua cov hmoov phosphorus. Yog li ntawd, thaum pub tsev paj yuav tsum tau muab rau nws nyiam. Cov pob txha hmoov muaj 29-34% phosphorus, 1.2-1.7% nitrogen thiab mus txog 45% calcium (limestone). Siv rau fertilize acidic xau. Tsis ntev los no, nws tau siv tsawg. Cov tshuaj yaj yeeb chloride, poov tshuaj sulfate thiab zaub tshauv yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws poov tshuaj chiv rau loj hlob paj. Cov tshuaj qej chloride muaj 54-62.5% cov poov tshuaj. Qee hom paj tsis txhob pub potassium chloride, vim tias lawv tau nce rhiab heev rau cov tshuaj chlorine nyob hauv av. Potassium sulphate muaj nruab nrab ntawm 45 thiab 52% poov tshuaj. Zaub tshauv muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov potassium, uas nws txawv ntawm 20 thiab 30% nyob ntawm seb cov nroj tsuag uas nws tau. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm poov tshuaj nyob ntawm lub degree ntawm combustion ntawm nroj tsuag: qhov zoo dua lawv hlawv, lub siab dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm poov tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws nyob ntawm txoj kev tshauv yog cia. Cov qoob loo dag ntawm nag yog cov pluag hauv cov poov tshuaj.
Organic chiv yog zoo tshaj plaws assimilated los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tab sis lawv yuav muaj qhov tsis tshua meej ntawm cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, cov organic chiv ntau feem ntau supplemented nrog pob zeb hauv av chiv. Organic chiv xws li compost, chiv, peat thiab npaj raws li nws. Lwm cov organic yuav siv tau: rotted nplooj, koob, sapropel, lwm yam zoo li
Dab tsi yog chiv rau? Microelements muaj nyob rau hauv chiv yog tag nrho tsim nyog rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ua ke nrog cov as-ham uas yooj yim (nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potassium), cov paj hauv tsev yuav tsum muaj ntau lwm cov khoom noj. Xws li: boron, bromine, chlorine, txhuas, hlau, iodine, silicon, magnesium, tooj, molybdenum, sodium, sulfur, zinc. Lawv yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv xws li tsawg qhov ntau uas feem ntau tsis them tej kev mloog rau daim ntawv thov ntawm chiv.
Council rau kev saib xyuas ntawm paj: Thaum tib lub sij hawm qhia ntau yam chiv, koj yuav tsum paub txog cov cai kom tov lawv. Yog tias qhov nws tov tsis yog, ib qho kev ntxim ntxub yog tau, vim tias cov tshuaj tsis sib xyaw tshwm sim, uas txo cov nyhuv ntawm cov tib neeg hais. Piv txwv li, nws tsis pom zoo los sib xyaw ua ke superphosphate nrog calcium nitrate. Qhov yoojyim tshaj uas yuav tau siv npaj txhij chiv hauv ib lub pob zoo nkauj, tsim los rau qee hom paj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog ib qho khoom kim heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum loj hlob ntawm ntau tus paj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau nyob ntawm acidity ntawm cov av, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab sib xws.
Npaj lub ntiaj teb sib tov rau cog tsev paj
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum paub thaum loj hlob potted paj yog tias hauv paus system ntawm nroj tsuag tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug me me volume ntawm av. Yog li ntawd, cov av yuav tsum yog nplua nuj hauv cov as-ham thiab cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj kuj yuav tsum paub hais tias lub lauj kaub paj ib txwm yaum kom ntau dua ntawm cov av dua li paj hauv av qhib. Feem ntau, rau hauv tsev thiab tsev cog khoom paj hlob hauv pots los yog nyob rau hauv racks, mixtures ntawm vaj teb av yog npaj noj rau hauv tus account tus yam ntxwv thiab kev xav ntawm tej hom tsev xim. Nws yog ib qho ua tau kom pom cov hom teb nram qab no thiab cov tib neeg muaj li nram qab no: sod av, nplooj av, thaj av, xuab zeb (humus) daim av, heath land, vaj tse av, ntoo av, ntoo thuv, perlite, dej xuab zeb, ntxhuab, thiab lwm tus.
Lub tebchaws ntawm thaj av yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua ke raws li ib qho kev sib koom tes uas yuav luag txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb no. Vim lub loj npaum li cas ntawm cov nroj tsuag seem nyob rau hauv nws, nws yog ntxeem thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam, tab sis nquag kom compaction. Leafy earth yog lub teeb, xoob thiab nplua nuj heev hauv cov as-ham. Nws yog tau raws li ib tug ntawm pereprevaniya poob nplooj ntawm coniferous thiab deciduous ntoo. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv floriculture, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob uas tsis tolerate manure. Leafy hauv av nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov nrog turf av yog haum rau loj hlob feem ntau ntawm cov potted paj. Nws kuj yog tsim rau sowing ib co noob, xws li cov noob ntawm begonia, gloxinia. Nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov nrog peat av thiab xuab zeb, nws ua tiav hlo qhov tseem cai heath av. Leafy land, npaum li cas los ntawm coniferous hav zoov, muaj ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv acid, yog li nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm azalea, anthurium. Litter los ntawm nplooj ntawm poplar, willow, Oak thiab ib co lwm yam ntoo yog ntawm tsis zoo, yog li ntawd nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv. Peatland yog lub teeb, xoob thiab noo noo-consuming. Nws yog tau los ntawm kev lwj ua liam ntawm peat peat thiab yog siv los txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm lwm hom av. Nws tus nqi noj haus tsis siab heev. Qhov qhia txog ntawm peat rau hauv av nce nws acidity.
Tsev cog khoom av yog ib qho sib tov ntawm cov noob qoob loo, siv los ua cua sov, thiab nchuav rau ntawm thaj av uas tau cog noob. Tsev cog khoom av yog teem los ntawm pob zeb, zoo li compost, thiab tom qab lub sij hawm luv luv nws yog npaj rau kev siv. Nws pab txhim kho lub cev thiab cov tshuaj ntawm cov av sib tov, nws tuaj yeem siv tau rau cov av qhib hauv av. Heather av yog lub teeb thiab xoob, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv kev muab kev pab cuam. Nws yog tau raws li ib tug ntawm rotting ntawm ib co nroj tsuag ntawm Vereskov tsev neeg. Vim nws yog qhov nyuaj dhau los txais nws, nws tseem kim heev. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav txhij hloov los ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm plaub qhov chaw ntawm peat, ob feem ntawm nplooj ntoos av thiab ib feem ntawm xuab zeb. Orchard av yog muab los ntawm qhov chaw uas cov nroj tsuag vaj zaub tau cog, uas tau ntim cov tshuaj nrog cov organic thiab cov pob zeb hauv av. Nws yog harvested nyob rau hauv Autumn tom qab harvesting, thiab tsuas yog arable txheej yog siv. Ntab hauv av yog tau los ntawm cov ntoo uas tawg, stumps, pob tw, ntoo ntoo thiab hmoov av ntawm hmoov ntoo tshauv. Nyob rau hauv nws lub zog, nws yog nyob ze rau ntawm nplooj ntawv, tab sis yog siv tsawg zaus, raws li nws ua rau ib qho kev nce qib acidity. Haum kev loj hlob ntawm orchids, ferns thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg Bromelgea. Tsis ntev los no, cov khw muag khoom noj rau thaj av, "processed" los ntawm Kalifonias kab tshoob .
Council rau kev saib xyuas ntawm paj: ntxiv mus rau hauv av ua ntej cog tws charcoal. Ib qho me me ntawm crushed charcoal absorbs tshaj noo noo los ntawm cov av. Thiab ces, nrog ib shortage ntawm noo noo, nws muab nws rov qab, yog li tiv thaiv cov av los ntawm souring.
Ntawm tag nrho cov hom teev ntawm vaj av thiab substrates nyob rau hauv ntshiab daim ntawv tsuas yog nplooj ntoos, heather thiab peat yog siv rau sowing me noob (begonia, gloxinia). Thiab tseem xuab zeb thiab perlite - rau rooting cuttings ntawm ib co hom tsev xim. Yog tias koj cia siab rau lub khw, koj tuaj yeem muas tau cov hmoov av ua hmoov av. Txawm li cas los, nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm zus paj, lub purchase yuav tsis pheej yig. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib co tuam ntxhab tsis ua raws li kev siv tshuaj minerotechnity, uas tawm tsam cuam tshuam ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm tsev xim. Thiab rau ib qho kev sib tov hauv lub ntiaj teb npaj tau los ntawm nws tus kheej tes, koj tuaj yeem tau txais!
Yuav ua li cas hloov koj lub tsev paj
Cov nroj tsuag yog transplanted raws li nram no. Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm hom, npaj kom tsim nyog sib tov los ntawm ntau hom vaj teb av, uas yog moistened rau xws li ib tug uas nws crumbles thaum compressed nyob rau hauv lub tes. Yuav kom paub meej cov kua zoo hauv cov pawm, siv cov khoom noj thiab cov xaum qhuav. Nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha uas lawv yuav tsum tau muab coj los ua kom tiav, cov kua dej ua tiav raws li nram qab no: nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub qhov laujkaub tais diav uas muab tso rau sab nraub qaum thiab txog qib no lub pob zeb npoo npo npaj ua ke.
Nrog rau kev hloov tsis tiav nrog ib tus pas nplaum, maj mam muab xoob thiab tshem tawm txheej txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hauv paus hniav me ntsis tawg thiab tawg tawm los ntawm ib pob lauj kaub. Cov kua qub kuj raug ntxuav kom huv. Yog hais tias muaj cov hniav lwj hauv cov paj, ces lawv raug txiav los nyob rau hauv cov nqaij. On lub kua dej npaj hauv lub lauj kaub, ncuav ib thooj ntawm cov tsiaj tsis zoo, ces cog nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub nkoj kom cov hauv paus hniav tsho yog 1 cm hauv qab lauj kaub ntug. Yog hais tias lub caj dab yog saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub nkoj, ces cov nroj tsuag raug tshem tawm thiab ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb poured yog muab tshem tawm. Yog hais tias nws tsis dhau, ces ntxiv ntau thaj av. Qhov chaw ntawm lub clod thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm lub lauj kaub muaj puv hauv av, thiab nws yog ob peb zaug nias nrog cov ntiv tes ntawm ob txhais tes thiab ib qho tshiab ntawm av ntxiv. Yog hais tias tus nroj tsuag yog pauv mus rau ib lub nkoj ntawm loj loj, ces hauv av yog ntes nrog ib me ntsis taw peg. Vessels nrog transplanted nroj tsuag tsis tau sau nrog lub ntiaj teb mus rau sab saum toj, yog li hais tias nws yuav tau watered. Transplanted nroj tsuag yog watered abundantly thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv sov, me ntsis shaded chav nrog moist cua, qhov chaw uas lawv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm rooting, thaum lawv raug pom zoo kom rov qab dua sprayed nrog dej.
Thaum cog qoob cog qoob loo, yuav siv transshipment. Transshipment yog ib txoj kev nyob ze rau kev sib hloov, uas yuav tsum tau siv ob peb zaug thaum lub sij hawm ib lub caij cog qoob loo raws li cov herbaceous ceev ceev cog ntoo, kom lawv ua tau zoo, zoo heev. Qhov sib txawv ntawm transplantation thiab transshipment yog tias yog thaum lub sij hawm hloov chaw ntau dua los yog tsawg dua ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab qee zaus yog ib feem ntawm cov hauv paus, yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, ces thaum lub sij hawm hloov lub ntiaj teb clod nrog cov hauv paus hniav tseem tsis muaj thiab yuav kis mus rau lub nkoj tshiab. Cov txheej txheem ntawm transshipment ntawm paj yog tib yam li nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib hloov. Tom qab transshipment, cov nroj tsuag uas khaws cia nyob rau hauv tib lub mob raws li lawv tau ua ntej, thiab tsuas nrog ib lub hnub muaj zog heev lawv pritenyayut
Council rau kev saib xyuas ntawm paj: By transshipment, mus rau ib tug twg, nws yog ua tau rau tswj lub flowering lub sij hawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nrog ib tug ntau ntawm transshipments, lub flowering slows down, thiab ntawm ib tug me - accelerates. Ib qho kev nce hauv pes tsawg zaus ua rau ua rau muaj cov nroj tsuag muaj zog thiab muaj zog dua.
Ua tsaug rau cov lus qhia yooj yim rau kev tu lub tsev xim, koj tuaj yeem loj hlob zoo nkauj thiab cov nroj tsuag. Yog hais tias lub paj yog cog incorrectly, ces los ntawm kev saib xyuas ntxiv yuav muaj me ntsis kev nkag siab!