Hniav cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tau paub txij li hnub ntawm Ancient Tim lyiv teb chaws. Nws siv tau suav hais tias yog ib txoj kev kos duab. Excavations ntawm Ancient Tim lyiv teb chaws tau nrog los ntawm kev pom ntawm cov kab zauv rau cov plaub hau tshem tawm, poob rau kev kos duab tattoos. Nws paub tias nyob rau hauv Nruab Hnub nyoog Rouge, ua los ntawm hmoov txhuas sulfide thiab ua cov hmoov oxide hmoov (lead dawb) siv dav. Cov tshuaj no yog cov tshuaj lom rau tib neeg lub cev, yog li ntawd lawv ua rau cov plaub hau ploj, ua kuab lom heev. Hauv XIX xyoo pua. txhuas tau oxide hloov nrog zinc oxide, thiab lipsticks pib ua los ntawm cov pleev xim rau ntawm natural origin, qhov sib txawv cochineal.
Niaj hnub no, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm hniav pleev xim rau cov tib neeg lub cev yog ensured los ntawm kev tswj zoo los ntawm lub xeev lub cev - Lub Xeev Sanitary Epidemiological Service ntawm Russia - thiab issuance ntawm ib daim ntawv pov thawj zoo.
Hniav zoo nkauj tshuaj pleev raws li roj
Feeb ntau, lipsticks muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nyias rods nyob rau hauv ib tug yas pull-tawm casing. Raws li lawv lub hom phiaj, lipsticks tau muab faib rau kev tu cev (feem ntau tsis muaj xim tsis muaj xim, tuaj yeem dawb me ntsis), tiv thaiv (los ntawm UV rays), tonal (duav xim hauv cov xim txawv).
Raws li qhov sib xws, cov nram qab no hom lipstick yog qhov txawv: khoom tawv (xaum, pas) thiab creamy (feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv lub rhawv zeb los yog cov hlab nrog txhuam). Kuj pom qhov txawv qhuav, daim tawv nqaij thiab roj pleev xim rau hauv cov neeg kawm ntawv cov xim roj.
Tonal lipstick muaj ntau ntau yam, raws li nws muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom xim.
Los ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm kev ruaj ntseg xim, muaj peb hom tonal di ncauj: yooj yim, tshuaj ntsuab (nyob ntawm di ncauj rau 3-4 teev); ruaj khov (txog li 5-6 teev), superstable lossis super-resistant (los ntawm 6-7 teev lossis ntau dua). Lub tom kawg suab yoojyim tsis ua luam.
Tshuaj pleev xim thiab cov tshuaj pleev kom zoo nkauj
Cov hmoov no muaj ntau yam khoom: amorphous talc, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, zinc oxide, hmoov txhuv nplej siab, pobkws lossis mov nplej xyaw hauv ntau yam khoom, thiab cov mineral pigments. Tus hmoov zoo yuav tsum ntxuav kom pom kev zoo ntawm cov tawv nqaij, nqus nws cov kua ntswg, yooj yim pw ntawm daim tawv nqaij, muaj lub hau npog zoo, khwb ntsej muag rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag.
Txav kom zoo ntawm cov ntawv cog lus, xoob, kua hmoov thiab hmoov txhuam. Hmoov yuav tsum xaiv rau cov tawv nqaij - rau qhuav, ib txwm lossis oily. Los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm kev sib tsoo, xoob hmoov yuav yog los ntawm pawg "ntxiv", uas txhais tau tias yog kev sib tsoo zoo heev, los yog los ntawm pawg neeg thib 1.
Lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm tus hmoov compact thiab hmoov xoob yog tias nws tuaj yeem siv rau daim tawv nqaij nrog lub teeb txheej, tsis muaj tawg. Nrog rau xaiv proportions ntawm hmoov cheebtsam, nws tsis yog nyuaj, tab sis ntom. Qhov saum npoo ntawm ib tug high-quality ntom hmoov tsis yog "salted". Tib txoj cai siv rau ntxoov ntxoo rau qhov muag daj, thiab blushes, thiab lwm tus.
Mascara
Ua kua nplaum mascara yog ib qho kev ncua ntawm finely faib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab emulsion ntawm cov xim pigments. Nws muaj sib txuas ua ke uas yog ib cov yeeb yaj kiab tho hydrophobic nyob rau ntawm daim tawv muag. Cov emulsion muaj roj yam, lanolin derivatives, cog waxes, emulsifiers, stabilizers. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub composition ntawm emulsion muaj xws li anti-inflammatory Cheebtsam li propolis, azulene, sawv roj, provitamins, thiab lwm yam.
Taw qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub cev thiab cov dej tsis qab rog. Cov yav tas los hauv nws cov kev muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj cov dej qab zib thiab cov tshuab ua kua, uas yog soluble tsuas yog haus dej rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, koj siv tau xab npum. Mascara, tsim kom ua kom cov kab muag los yog nce lawv lub ntim, muaj 3-4% ntawm nylon cov nylon fiber ntau.
Tshuaj Hniav Tshuaj Rau Cov Ntsa
Hniav zoo nkauj rau cov rau tes yog sawv cev los ntawm varnishes thiab manicure enamels. Vuam tsho tom qab ziab tawm ib zaj duab xis ntawm cov nails. Txhaws (los yog lac-muab tshuaj) rau ntawm cov rau tes tawm ib qho xim yeeb yaj kiab ntawm opaque tom qab so qhuav.
Tus txha caj qaum rau cov phom muaj cov ntxhuav ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide, cov hlau oxides, pearlescent guanine additives, mica me me, ntau yam incredations (0.1 hli loj) ntawm "nyiaj" lossis "kub", thiab lwm yam.